Identifying and documenting the locations of Indian residential schools in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1851 and 1998, over 139 Indian residential schools operated across Canada. The legacy of these schools is the trauma that has left scars in the communities in which the schools resided, as well as for school survivors and their descendants. The precise location of the schools is known for many of them, but this has yet to be determined for the rest. This poster will discuss the methodology, challenges, and outcomes of a project currently underway, in collaboration with the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR), to continue the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its allies, by finding and documenting the precise locations of these school buildings and properties. The goal is to produce a geospatial dataset and interactive map of residential school locations that shows the location of the primary school buildings; and a bibliography of maps, plans, aerial photographs, and unpublished documents that show the location of school buildings and properties. The data and bibliography will assist the NCTR and their partners in identifying and documenting the location of residential school cemeteries and unmarked graves, as well as assist educators, students, researchers, elders, and survivors in telling their own stories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.023 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".