Chvalaea sinclairi Barros & Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha 2019, sp. nov.

Chvalaea sinclairi Barros & Ale-Rocha sp. nov. (Figs 16, 20, 22, 33–36, 44, 52, 53) Diagnosis. Antenna brown, postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined (Fig. 22). Scutum brown, paler anteriorly close to the postpronotal lobes (Fig. 16). Pleura yellow except laterotergite light brown. Wing with veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 52). Hind femur slightly clavate, pale yellow on basal half and brown on apical half, only hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae, lacking on tarsomere 2. Description. Holotype male (Fig. 44). Body length: 4.41 mm. Wing length: 4.0 mm. Head. Frons narrow (at mid-length narrower than width of anterior ocellus), as long as 1/4 length of face. Antenna brown, postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape and pedicel combined, with dense brown microtrichia and 1 short, thin dorsal seta near base (Fig. 22); stylus arista-like, about 1.5 times length of scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined; 1 pair of ocellar setae very short, proclinate. Proboscis brown and very short; palpus yellow covered with dense yellow microtrichia and 1 long, thin seta. Thorax. Pronotum brown. Scutum covered with yellow pruinosity, paler, slightly gray on pleura, brown, paler anteriorly close to postpronotal lobes; postalar callus and postpronotal lobes pale brown (Fig. 16). Pleura yellow except laterotergite light brown. Scutellum brown with 1 pair of long and thin convergent apical setae, and 1 thin short lateral seta. Mediotergite brown. Acrostichals and dorsocentrals uniserial, short, thin and sparse; notopleuron with 1 long, strong seta, with 10 short, slender setae; 2 anterior postalar setae very short, slender and 1 posterior postalar long and strong, subequal in length to notopleural seta. Wing. Gently brownish, pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; cell dm slightly shorter than basal cells; cell cua slightly shorter than half cell bm; CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin (Fig. 52). Legs. All coxae pale yellow; fore and mid femora pale brown, hind femur slightly clavate, pale yellow on basal half and brown on apical half; fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia brown; fore and mid tarsi pale brown, hind tarsus brown. Chaetotaxy: fore femur without highlighted setae, mid and hind femur each with 1 long, slender anterodorsal seta near apex; fore tibia with 1 long, thin ventral seta at mid-length; mid tibia with 1 long, strong dorsal seta near base, 2 anteroventrals on basal half and 2 anteroventrals on apical half; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral and 3 posteroventral setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 2 ventral setae slightly stronger near base; mid tarsomere 1 with 1 dorsal seta near base; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 series of 3 anteroventral and 5 posteroventral elongate, black spine-like setae; hind tarsomeres 3–5 with short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae, tarsomere 2 with spine-like setae. Abdomen. Black, slender, slightly curved upwards, sides almost parallel in lateral view. Holotype male terminalia (Figs 33–36): hypandrium broad, distal margin slightly rounded with 4 long setae near apex (Fig. 33); anterior margin of subepandrial sclerite with mid-length depth concavity and apical margin slightly concave (Fig. 34); hypoproct with apex truncate and lateral margin round, basal margin strongly concave (Fig. 34). Female. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known from Venezuela (Aragua) (Fig. 53). Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: VENEZUELA, Aragua, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional Henry Pittier [10°22′52.5″N 67°37′07.1″W], iii.4.1967, Flight trap 1100 m. M.E. Irwin / Holotype, Chvalaea sinclairi Barros & Ale-Rocha [red label] (CAS). Holotype in good condition, left fore tarsus lost, terminalia dissected. Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Bradley Sinclair, of the Canadian National Collection of Insects (Ottawa), for his contribution to the knowledge of the taxonomy and cladistics of Empidoidea. Remarks. Chvalaea sinclairi sp. nov. is similar to C. amazonica in the color pattern of the scutum and pleura, and by absence of short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on fore and mid tarsi. The main differences between each species is the short postpedicel, the apical scutellar setae and the combination of blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on hind tarsomeres. The postpedicel in C. sinclairi sp. nov. is about 1.5 times the length of scape and pedicel combined, and the apical scutellar setae are short and thin, subequal in length to the lateral setae. Whereas in C. amazonica, the postpedicel is 2.5 times the length of the scape and pedicel combined and the apical scutellar setae are long and strong, about 3 times longer than the lateral scutellar setae. In C. sinclairi sp. nov., the short, blunt, black spine-like ventral setae on hind tarsomere 2 are absent and are present in C. amazonica. Additionally, in C. sinclairi sp. nov. the left epandrial lamella is twice longer than wide, and the left surstylus is shorter than half width of the left lamella, while in C. amazonica the left epandrial lamella is about as long as wide, and the left surstylus is as long as the basal width of the left epandrial lamella.

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