Peropteryx kappleri Peters 1867
Bibliographic record
Abstract
43. Greater Dog-like Bat Peropteryx kappleri French: Grand Péroptère / German: Grosse Hundskopffledermaus / Spanish: Peróptero mayor Taxonomy. Peropteryx kappleri Peters, 1867, “ Surinam [= Suriname].” Peropteryx kappleri is in the subgenus Peropteryx. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P. k. kappleri Peters, 1867 — from S Mexico (S Veracruz State) throughout Central America to Colombia and W Ecuador and E to the Adantic Forest of E Brazil. P. k. intermedia Sanborn, 1951 - Peru and N Bolivia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 63-75 mm, tail 11-20 mm, ear 13-20 mm, hindfoot 9-13 mm, forearm 45-53-6 mm; weight 7-13 g. Female Greater Dog-like Bats are slighdy larger than males. Long dorsal fur (8-10 mm hair length) ranges from dark brown to reddish brown; venter is slighdy paler. Muzzle is largely hairless. Exposed skin on face, ears, arms, and wings is dark brown to black. Ears are long (13-16 mm) and triangular and rise above crown. Tragus is lanceolated. Eyes are large and conspicuous, with brown irises. Wing sacs are present near anterior edge of propatagium. Habitat. Deciduous and evergreen forests, woodland savanna, and open fields from sea level to elevations of c.850 m. Food and Feeding. The Greater Dog-like Bat feeds on aerial insects but also gleans insects from leaf substrates. It forages high in open spaces above and within closed forest canopies and subcanopies, within woodland savannas, and over open fields. Foraging activity is often associated with streams and rivers. Breeding. Female Greater Dog-like Bats have one young each year. Parturition occurs in June-July. Activity patterns. The Greater Dog-like Bat is crepuscular and roosts in cave entrances and boulder crevices of shaded rocky areas and karst cliffs, under palm fronds and bridges, within living and dead tree hollows, undersides of fallen and elevated logs, between plank buttresses, and occasionally in buildings. Echolocation search pulses have maximum energies of 20-40 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roosting colonies have 1-7 individuals. Mating system is based on monogamous pairs, and a male defends his female against intruding males. Greater Dog-like Bats often roost in contact, stacked dorsum to ventrum, with up to four individuals that probably represent a family group. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on TheIUCNRedList. Conservation of caves and karst regions and retention of forests should be priorities for the Greater Dog-like Bat. In Mexico, it is a listed species with special legal protection. Bibliography. Bradbury & Vehrencamp (1976a, 1976b, 1977a, 1977 b), Eisenberg (1989), Handley (1976), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Sanborn (1951), Villa (1967).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".