Parvindela Duran & Gough 2019, new genus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parvindela Duran and Gough, new genus (Fig. 2) Etymology. The generic name is derived from Parv - (Latin root meaning “small”) and Cicindela (the type genus of the tribe Cicindelini); gender is feminine. Parvindela adults are small (7–12 mm), and the genus includes some of the smallest tiger beetles in the Nearctic region. Type species. Cicindela debilis Bates, 1890; by present designation Parvindela debilis (Bates, 1890), new combination Parvindela celeripes (LeConte, 1848), new combination Parvindela cursitans (LeConte, 1860), new combination Parvindela terricola (Say, 1824), new combination Parvindela nephelota (Bates, 1882), new combination Parvindela lunalonga (Schaupp, 1884), new combination Description. Small size, 7–12mm. Body shape variable, with humeral region narrow and ant-like (e.g., P. celeripes) to more robust (e.g., P. terricola). Head with fine rugosity present in supraorbital region. Frons glabrous except for supraorbital setae. Proepisternum glabrous or with only a few scattered setae near margins. Marginal line, if present, typically not fully touching outer edge of each elytron. No single morphological synapomorphy has been identified that unites Parvindela, but this new genus is strongly supported by recent phylogenetic studies (Gough et al. 2019; this study), previously recognized as a subgroup of Cylindera. The genus Cylindera initially included only Palearctic species, but in Rivalier’s (1954) revision of Cicindela (s. l.) the genus was amended to include American species that possessed aedeagi with similarly wound flagella. He noted that there were a number of inconsistencies and “aberrant” species but did not believe it was necessary to name a genus for the American species. The phylogeny of Gough et al. (2019) recovered a polyphyletic Cylindera, with each clade found in a particular biogeographic realm. A monophyletic clade of Nearctic species was part of a larger Nearctic endemic clade that also included Ellipsoptera and Dromochorus. This previously unnamed lineage that is now designated as Parvindela, new genus. Distribution. Nearctic region (Canada, USA, Mexico). To date, all known species are found within this biogeographic realm. All of the above listed species were included in Gough et al. (2019) and/or this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".