Hypoxia-seeking behavior, metabolic depression and skeletal muscle function in an amphibious fish out of water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several animals enter a state of dormancy to survive harsh environmental conditions. During dormancy, metabolic depression can be critical for economizing on limited endogenous energy reserves. We used two isogenic strains (strain 1 and strain 2) of a self-fertilizing amphibious fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) to test the hypothesis that animals seek hypoxic microhabitats that accentuate metabolic depression during dormancy. Fish were placed in custom experimental choice chambers that maintained an O2 gradient (normoxic to hypoxic) to determine the preferred O2 level of fish out of water. We then measured the O2 consumption rate of water- (control) and air-acclimated (21 days) fish in aerial normoxia, as well as the O2 consumption rate of air-acclimated fish acutely exposed to aerial hypoxia. We then tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia acclimation in air would protect endogenous energy reserves and skeletal muscle integrity, thereby maintaining locomotor performance. The hypothesis predicts that K. marmoratus acclimated to aerial hypoxia will deplete energy stores more slowly, demonstrate less skeletal muscle atrophy and have better locomotor performance than fish acclimated to aerial normoxia, presumably owing to hypoxic hypometabolism. We measured the whole-body [glycogen] and lipid content in fish acclimated to water (control), air and aerial hypoxia for 21 days. The cross-sectional area of red and white muscle fibers was also measured, as well as terrestrial locomotor performance (tail-flip jumping).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".