Roeseliana roeselii

Roeseliana roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822) Figs. 1a, 3e, 4, 5i, 5j, 6b, 8b, 10, 22h, 23c, 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d Hagenbach, 1822. Symbola faunae insectorum Helvetiae exhibentia vel species novas vel nondum depictas, 39 (Locusta roeselii); type locality and depository: Basel, Switzerland (lost?). Material examined. Check Republic, Král Sneznik 17.VIII.1951 (1♁, 4♀ holopterous); Check Republic, Horni Lipka, Hormale 31.VIII.1951 (6♁); Check Republic (80♁, 120♀); Austria, Car. Maria Rain 15.IX.1956, J. Mucha (3♁, 3♀) (NMP); Check Republic, Zabrodi 6.VIII.1952, Cejchan (1♁); same data 4.VIII.1960 (1♁, 1♀); Check Republic, H. Vlitaviche, Sum VIII.1951, Cejchan (1♀); Slovenia, Ljublyana 23.VII.1065, F. Willemse (1♁, 1♀); Switzerland, Strada, San Niclà (1400m) 26.IX.1961 (1♁, 1♀); Bosnia and Erzegovina, Gacko, Tientiste 30.VIII.1975, A. Messina (2♁, 10♀); Bosnia and Erzegovina, Gacko, Camerno 28.VIII.1975, A. Messina (2♁, 3♀); Bosnia and Erzegovina, Partizanske Vode, Titovo U. 31.VII.1975, A. Messina (1♁); Romania, Sibiu, Scoreiu 6.VIII.1975, A. Messina & V. Nobile (6♁, 2♀); Romania, Caransebes, Muntele 12.VIII.1975, A. Messina (4♁, 5♀); Slovenia, Postumia 13.IX.1980, F. Lombardo (15♁, 16♀); Italy, Friuli, Tarvisio 11.VIII.1968, Sichel (3♁, 18♀); France, Lyon, Pontaneveaux 18.VIII.1966, V. Nobile (2♀); France, St. Aventin, Luchon 15.VIII.1977, A. Messina (1♁) (MSNM, coll. M. La Greca); Slovenia, Podravska, Pesnica, Vukovje 17.VI.2010, M. Bardiani (1♁) (CNBFVR); USA, Vermont, Stowe Valley 23.VIII.1988, B. Baccetti (2♁, 3♀); USA, Vermont, Bolton Valley 21–22.VIII.1988, B. Baccetti (4♁, 3♀); Germany, Titisee 23.VIII.1991, B. Baccetti (1♁, 1♀); Poland, Bialowicza 5.VII.1990, B. Baccetti (1♁, 3♀); Switzerland, Graecken 25.VIII.1959, D. Guiglia (2♁, 3♀); Poland, Polnisch Neudorf bei Steinkirche Schles 4.IX.1894, Brunner (1♁, 1♀); Netherlands, Kerkrade 1940, C. Willemse (1♁, 1♀); Finland, Åland Is., Al Finstrom, Pålsböle 24.VIII.1943, H. Lindberg (1♁); Italy, Trentino, Folgaria 16.VIII.1962, A. Galvagni (5♁, 6♀) (MSNG); Italy, Trentino, Costa di Folgaria 9.VI.1968, A. Galvagni (1♁, 1♀); Italy, Trentino, Folgaria, Torbiera Echen 24.VII.1995, P. Fontana (1♁, 1♀); Italy, Trentino, Val Pusteria, Gais 17–22.VII.1994, B. Massa (7♁, 5♀); Italy, Trentino, Sesto 20.VII.1992, B. Massa (1♀); Austria, Lienz 17.VII.1992, B. Massa (1♀); Check Republic, Bohemia Kocourov 27.VII.2003, K. Svec (1♀ holopterous); Germany, Bayreuth-Gees 25–27.VII.2022, B. Massa (2♁, 3♀) (BMPC); Italy, Friuli, Tarvisio, Camporosso 16.VII.1993, P. Fontana (5♁, 5♀, 1 ♁ holopterous); Italy, Friuli, Foresta di Tarvisio 26.VIII.1982, A. Battisti (1♀); Italy, Trentino, Folgaria, Torbiera Echen 30.VII.1994, P. Fontana (3♁, 4♀); Italy, Trentino, Passo Stelvio (Bolzano) 2.IX.1998, P. Fontana (1♀ holopterous); Hungary, Matra Mts, Kekes 1.IX.1995, P. Fontana (1♀) (MCR, coll. P. Fontana); Italy, Veneto, Asiago (1315m) 1.VIII.2018, F. Marangoni (2♁, 3♀ holopterous, 1♀ brachypterous) (FMPC); Italy, Trentino, Tarvisio, Torbiera Sochezza 2.IX.2001, G. Colombetta (1♀); same data 8.VII.2001, A. Cogo & F. Buzzetti (1♁ holopterous); Italy, Veneto, Padola (Belluno) 21.VII.2002, P. Fontana & P. Tirello (1♁, 1♀) (MCR, Coll. F. Buzzetti); Italy, Trentino, Piana del Preval, Zegla (Cormons, Gorizia), (52m) 22.VI.2014 (3♁, 3♀), F. Tami (FTPC); France, Savigny sur Orge (1♁); France, Bagnères de Luchon 19.VIII.1888 (1♁); France Saumur 18.VII.1888 (1♀); France, High Pyrenées (1♁); France, Pyrenées, Luchon (3♁, 1♀); France, Corrèze VII.1986, J. Cools (1♁, 5♀); France, St. Agnant 3.IX.1980 (1♁); France, Planaseau 15.IX.1982 (1♁); France, High Rhine, Thannenkirch 4.IX.1983 (1♁); France, High Rhine, Horodberg 7.IX.1983 (1♀); France, Cantal Mandailles-St. Julien Benech (978 m), J. Cools (10♁, 7♀); France, Puy de Dome VIII.1922 (1♁ holopterous, 1♀ holopterous); Switzerland, Breitenbach 5.IX.1983 (1♁); Switzerland (1♁); Austria (1♁, 2♀); Germany (3♁, 2♀); Slovenia, Maribor 29.VII.1967, L. Allaer (1♁) (RBINS). Remarks. When Hagenbach (1822) described R. roeselii from a female specimen from Basel (Switzerland) (Fig. 4), he wrote that tegmina were 1/3 long as abdomen. However, R. roeselii occurs with holopterous males and females with a variable frequency, mainly in the north of its distribution; e.g., Szanyi et al. (2014) found a high frequency (≤ 53%) of holopterous individuals of R. roeselii in some meadows surrounded by forests of Hungary. R. roeselii is the most easily diagnosable species from a morphological point of view. It is the only species with titillators without arched tips with small apical spines and a narrow male supragenital plate (Figs. 5i–5j, 6b); in addition, the female subgenital plate is very deeply incised with two sharp apices (Fig. 8b; see also Ĝtz 1969). Male cerci and female subgenital plate are more similar to those of R. pylnovi than to those of south European taxa. In particular the shape of cerci shows a long apically pointed part and an inner backwards and pointed spine (Fig. 6b). The south European taxa of Roeseliana differ clearly from R. roeselii. According to Heller (1988), R. fedtschenkoi is synonymous with R. roeselii. See also R. fedtschenkoi. However, according to Heller et al. (1998) while the South European forms formerly included in Metrioptera fedtschenkoi belong to R. roeselii, this may be not true for all of the South East European and especially the Caucasian and central Asian forms. However, most authors agree with the validity of the two taxa R. fedtschenkoi and R. roeselii and consider both polytypic species. We were able to examine only the photos of the syntype of R. fedtschenkoi, and we found that the latter is different from R. roeselii. However, authors who have cited R. fedtschenkoi really examined specimens collected in countries different from the typical area of the species (Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan) and this may be the reason of some misinterpretation. For characters of R. roeselii see also Tables 2 and 3. Distribution. Wide areas of the Palaearctic region (Galvagni 2001); it has been introduced in Canada, Montreal and Ville St. Laurent in 1950; since then its range has increased in Ontario and Quebec, and into the United States as far as Illinois (Vickery et al. 1975, Capinera et al. 2004), where now it is rather frequent. It also has spread in North Europe; according to Kaňuch et al. (2013), due to the limited ability of R. roeselii to cross geographical barriers through active dispersal, it is very much probable that transport of eggs potentially occurred with agricultural products, and consequently at least some of the isolated populations originated from human-mediated introductions rather than natural dispersal. It is present from lowland to high elevations.

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