Additional file 1 of Sulphite addition during steam pretreatment enhanced both enzyme-mediated cellulose hydrolysis and ethanol production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Additional file 1: Figure S1. A Softwood chips after one-stage alkaline sulphite steam pretreatment with 16% Na2SO3 loading (per gram of the dry biomass) at 160 ℃ for 70 min. B Softwood chips after two-stage alkaline sulphite steam pretreatment using a 16% Na2SO3 loading (per gram of the dry biomass) and a range of carbonate loadings (B-1: 2%, B-2: 4% and B-3: 6%) using steam pretreatment conditions of 160 ℃, 20 min for the first stage and 210 ℃, 10 min for the second stage. Figure S2. A Single and two-stage acid bisulphite steam-pretreated lodgepole pine substrates. The single-stage acid-sulphite steam pretreatment was performed using 8% NaHSO3 and 2% H2SO4 at 210 °C for 10 min. The two-stage acid bisulphite was performed using 8% NaHSO3 and 2% H2SO4 at 160 °C for 20 min followed by a second steam pretreatment stage at 210 °C for 10 min. B FE-SEM images of the one-stage acid bisulphite (8% NaHSO3 and 2% H2SO4 at 210 °C for 10 min) and 4% SO2-catalyzed acid steam-pretreated lodgepole pine substrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.882 | 0.219 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".