The cost-effectiveness of glasdegib in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in adult patients who are not eligible to receive intensive induction chemotherapy in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The clinical efficacy and safety of DAURISMO (glasdegib) combined with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) were demonstrated in the BRIGHT AML 1003 study among newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients who are not eligible to receive intensive chemotherapy. This study aims to evaluate its cost-effectiveness versus LDAC alone and azacitidine from a Canadian payer perspective. A partitioned-survival model was developed with three health states: progression-free survival (PFS), relapse/progression and death. Clinical inputs were obtained from the BRIGHT AML 1003 study for glasdegib and LDAC, and from the two trial publications and indirect treatment comparison for azacitidine. Drug acquisition/administration, disease management, adverse event and end-of-life costs were considered. All costs were measured in Canadian dollars. Cost-effectiveness of glasdegib + LDAC was assessed against LDAC alone in main population, and against azacitidine by bone marrow blasts (BMB). A weighted average ICER was calculated to represent the current treatment use of Canadian clinical practice. The reference-case analysis was conducted probabilistically, and numerous probabilistic scenario analyses were conducted. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) compared to LDAC alone was CAD $177,065 (a mean gain of 0.41 QALYs and an incremental cost of CAD $72,695), to azacitidine in 20–30% and >30% BMB group were CAD $178,201 (a mean gain of 0.34 QALYs and an incremental cost of CAD $59,889) and dominant (a mean gain of 0.28 QALYs while reducing costs by CAD $7,856) respectively, resulting in a weighted average ICER of CAD $81,310 per QALY. Though uncertainties remain with the generated PFS curve, the derived azacitidine curves, administration and vial wastage, the model has been built under the best available evidence and relied on clinical opinions where there were data gaps. The weighted average ICER suggests that glasdegib + LDAC is cost-effective at a CAD $100,000 willingness-to-pay threshold.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".