Scoping review of music therapy and music interventions in spinal cord injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has lifelong implications requiring treatment for outcomes including respiratory function, voice, pain, mood, and gait, among others. Music therapy (MT) and music-based interventions may be useful in the treatment of several outcomes. This review describes the use of MT and music-based interventions in individuals with SCI for rehabilitation and health and highlights future research priorities. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, RILM, Music Periodicals and Music Index were searched. Search terms included: SCI and music. Studies of cohorts with SCI using music interventions and descriptions of adapted instruments or development of MT programs were included. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed in duplicate. Data were extracted according to clinical outcomes. A structured synthesis was performed. Forty-three studies were included. Research in the field includes quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Group singing and an individual songwriting program for self-concept were the most studied interventions. Outcomes varied; mood outcomes were most common. While qualitative data support the use of MT and music-based interventions in this population for a wide variety of outcomes, randomized controlled trials are needed. There is a lack of research on the use of individual MT in this population. Registration: osf.io/9m8v4 Implications for RehabilitationIndividuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often suffer from injury complications and significant medical morbidity requiring practical long-term treatment and wellness strategies.Music therapy (MT) and music-based interventions can be used for many rehabilitation and health goals in this population including mood, gait and respiratory function, among others.Preliminary qualitative and quantitative studies have reported the benefits of MT across a range of outcomes in individuals with SCI; however, additional research, especially evaluating individual MT interventions, is needed. Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often suffer from injury complications and significant medical morbidity requiring practical long-term treatment and wellness strategies. Music therapy (MT) and music-based interventions can be used for many rehabilitation and health goals in this population including mood, gait and respiratory function, among others. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative studies have reported the benefits of MT across a range of outcomes in individuals with SCI; however, additional research, especially evaluating individual MT interventions, is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.018 | 0.022 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".