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Record W6958632018 · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.29481209

Redescription of a Middle Devonian placoderm from Manitoba and comments on the polyphyly of <i>Eastmanosteus</i> (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci)

2025· article· en· W6958632018 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueFigshare · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicPaleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolyphylyDevonianTaxonGenusIntraspecific competitionPhylogenetic treeVertebrateLate Devonian extinction

Abstract

Arthrodires are the most common and diverse placoderms, an extinct group of early jawed vertebrates. Although commonly found, numerous taxa remain poorly known, thereby complicating the establishment of their taxonomic affinities. An excellent example of this is the genus <i>Eastmanosteus</i>: originally assigned to the wastebasket <i>Dinichthys</i>, it now comprises several species whose description was based on highly incomplete material. Thus, it has been suggested that <i>Eastmanosteus</i>, in turn, has become a wastebasket taxon. Here we redescribe <i>Elmosteus lundarensis</i> gen. et comb. nov., previously assigned to <i>Eastmanosteus</i>. An updated description is provided based on new material recovered from the Elm Point Formation, Middle Devonian (Eifelian–Givetian), near Lake Manitoba, MB, Canada, including gnathal elements, the median dorsal plate, and a ventral view of the skull roof. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed, in which the more complete species of <i>Eastmanosteus</i> were included. <i>Elmosteus</i> is recovered as a basal dunkleosteid and all analyses support the polyphyly of <i>Eastmanosteus</i>. A brief discussion about intraspecific variation in <i>El. lundarensis</i> is also provided. Revisions of taxa described long ago, such as <i>Eastmanosteus</i>, using modern techniques like computational phylogenetics is essential for further improved taxonomy. This will lead to a better definition of relationships within placoderms and a better understanding of their diversity, and in turn help us trace the early evolutionary steps of vertebrate traits among stem gnathostomes. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C52D3188-ED7F-4C7B-83C6-4A78C88B1591

Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.

How this classification was reachedexpand

The three-model screen

all 5,600 screened works →

All three models called this out of scope.

stratum: about_only · design weight: 3321.24 (the sample is stratified; any rate computed without the weight is wrong)
Claude Opus 4.8OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Paleontological redescription of a Devonian placoderm and its taxonomic affinities.

GPT-5.6 (high)OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

It revises the taxonomy and phylogeny of a fossil placoderm, not research itself.

Grok 4.5OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Paleontological redescription and phylogeny of a Devonian placoderm; domain taxonomy.

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.861
Threshold uncertainty score0.000

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.220
Teacher spread0.179 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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