Climate Metrics for C1–C4 Hydrofluorocarbons\n(HFCs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons\n(HFCs) are potent greenhouse gases that are\npotential substitutes for ozone depleting substances. The Kigali amendment\nlists 17 HFCs that are currently in commercial use to be regulated\nunder the Montreal Protocol. Future commercial applications may explore\nthe use of other HFCs, most of which currently lack an evaluation\nof their climate metrics. In this work, atmospheric lifetimes, radiative\nefficiencies (REs), global warming potentials (GWPs), and global temperature\nchange potentials (GTPs) for all saturated HFCs with fewer than 5\ncarbon atoms are estimated to help guide future usage and policy decisions.\nAtmospheric lifetimes were estimated using a structure activity relationship\n(SAR) for OH radical reactivity and estimated O(<sup>1</sup>D) reactivity.\nRadiative metrics were obtained using theoretically calculated infrared\nabsorption spectra that were presented in a previous work. Calculations\nfor some additional HFCs not included in the previous work were performed\nin this work. The HFCs display unique infrared spectra with strong\nabsorption in the Earth’s atmospheric infrared window region,\nprimarily due to the C–F stretching vibration. Results from\nthis study show that the HFC global atmospheric lifetimes and REs\nare dependent upon their H atom content and molecular structure. Therefore,\nthe HFC radiative metric evaluation requires a case-by-case evaluation.\nA thorough experimental evaluation of a targeted HFC’s atmospheric\nlifetime and climate metrics is always highly recommended. However,\nin cases where it is experimentally difficult to separate isomers,\nthe new results from this study should help guide the experiments,\nas well as provide relevant climate metrics with uncertainties and\npolicy relevant data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".