Perceived Barriers and Unmet Primary Healthcare Access Needs of Iranian Immigrant Women in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: As Canada continues to be a destination for immigrants, it is imperative to systematically identify the barriers faced by specific immigrant communities to ensure equitable access to health care services. This is particularly important for those communities which are smaller in size and distinguished by their language, culture, and socio-economic backgrounds, and relatively less studied. As such, Iranian immigrant women may face distinct challenges when trying to access primary healthcare (PHC). Considering the limited literature describing their experience with the Canadian healthcare system, we intend to comprehend the perceived barriers and unmet needs of Iranian immigrant women in Canada and explore ways to redress them. Method: We will employ a community-based participatory research approach, using descriptive phenomenology to learn from the lived experiences of the participants. We will hold 7-10 focus group discussions with a purposive sample of Iranian immigrant women in Calgary, Alberta, using a semistructured discussion guide. We will employ descriptive analysis for examining socio-demographic characteristics and reflexive thematic analysis to synthesize the findings. Results: We anticipate discovering a number of barriers that may include linguistic challenges, limited understanding of the Canadian healthcare system, difficulty accessing healthcare centers, or the unfamiliarity of where to seek appropriate care. We also expect to identify certain barriers that may be unique to the Iranian immigrant women population, given their discrete cultural and societal norms. We expect to identify the repercussions of these barriers manifesting in various ways within this population. With more in-depth analysis, we also anticipate identifying the mechanisms underlying these barriers. Discussion: This study will provide a foundation for understanding the unique healthcare needs and barriers faced by Iranian immigrant women in Canada. It paves the way for more effective strategies that cater to the needs of this community and assists governments in promoting equitable healthcare for all residents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".