Phase Behaviour and Physical Properties of Athabasca Bitumen and Solvent Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of heavy oil and bitumen is more complex than conventional oil production. One of the main reasons is their high viscosity that must be lowered in order to be recoverable by an oil recovery method such as solvent injection, SAGD, and ES- SAGD. The objective of this study was to better understanding of phase behaviour and thermo-physical properties of solvent/bitumen mixtures. Our findings will find applications in the design and simulation of heavy oil and bitumen recovery processes. Solubility of CO2 and N2 in Athabasca bitumen, the density, and viscosity of saturated bitumen were measured at several temperatures and pressures. PR-EoS was applied to represent the experimental solubility data. Density and viscosity of diluted Athabasca bitumen with n-pentane and n-hexane were measured at several temperatures, pressures, and solvent concentrations. Various mixing rules was examined to find appropriate method for predicting the density and viscosity of solvent bitumen system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".