Not Indian Enough: The History of the Michel Indian Band
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Michel Callihoo signed Treaty 6 in 1878 on behalf of his Cree Nation, becoming the Michel band consisting of roughly 160 individuals. The bands’ reserve was located west of Edmonton, until it was dissolved in 1958 through involuntary enfranchisement. The Michel band remains the only Indian band in Canada to be wholly dissolved involuntarily. This thesis explores the history of the Michel band, and the Callihoo family as they navigated the tumultuous implementation of the Indian Act as opposed to the treaties. Chapter 1 explores the early history of the Callihoo family until treaty signing, paralleling the experiences of the Michel band at Lac Ste. Anne with the events of the Red River Valley. Chapter 2 looks at the non-implementation of the treaty agreement and the harsh measures imposed by the Canadian government in their attempts to expand control and “civilize” the Indians throughout the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century through means like Metis scrip and direct Indian Agent control. Chapter 3 finishes the history of the Michel band, as the Department of Indian Affairs took deliberate steps to enfranchise the members of the Michel band causing them and their descendants to lose Indian status to this day.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".