Accurate and Precise Iron Isotope Amount Ratios Measured by Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analytical technique to accurately measure iron isotope amount ratios by multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was developed. The analytical technique consisted of sample purification using ion exchange chromatography and measurement by the mass spectrometer. Numerous factors affecting the measured data including magnet stability, and chromium interferences were encountered during development. At the completion of this projects, the precision in δ(56/54Fe) is 0.09 ‰. Iron isotope measurements were completed on three data sets: a source identification study for the Cardium formation, anoxic brine samples from Lake Vida and a bioremediation study for Nova Chemicals. For the Cardium formation no definite source of iron can be identified based solely on the iron data. Similarly with the Lake Vida samples, three possible mechanisms are discussed which could produce the unique δ(56/54Fe) values. For the bioremediation study, the data highlight difficulties during sample acquisition and improvements to sample acquisition are suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".