Emergency Medical Services Response Time and Mortality in Paediatric Trauma Patients in the Urban Setting: A Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The standard for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response times has been set at eight minutes or less in many places in the world. We examined the relationship between trauma related mortality and morbidity and EMS response time. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of paediatric patients under the age of 18 who suffered a traumatic injury and were attended to by EMS in Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta between April 2010 and September 2013 Results: The adjusted risk ratio of mortality given a response time of ≥8 minutes is 0.635 times that of a response time <8 minutes (95% CI: 0.346-1.166; p=0.143). The adjusted risk ratio of admission to hospital given a response time of >8 minutes is 1.165 times that of a response time <8 minutes (95% CI: 0.985-1.379; p=0.075). Conclusions: The eight minute response time was not associated with a difference in all cause mortality or admission to hospital.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".