Effect of exercise training on muscle strength and fitness in older women and men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive muscle mass and strength loss, commonly called sarcopenia. Sarcopenia may lead to the development of mobility limitations, increased risk of falls, and, ultimately, frailty. Periods of disuse, such as hospital stays, injury, or illness, can accelerate the onset of sarcopenia and increase the risk for disability. Evidence suggests that participating in physical activity, namely resistance training and aerobic exercise, can help to mitigate the risks of sarcopenia and maintain physical function and mobility as individuals age. Cognizant of the beneficial effects of exercise on muscle health, the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology encourages older adults to participate in 150 minutes of moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise and perform resistance training at least 2 days/week. Older adults regularly participating in resistance training will be protected against developing sarcopenia-induced functional declines. However, many older adults are currently not resistance training or meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines proposed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP). A key reason for older adults not being physically active is that many traditional training programs are not sustainable for older adults and do not have lasting effects. Older adults also experience several barriers to executing resistance training, such as costs, access to equipment, fear of injury and low self-efficacy. Recent studies show that performing resistance training with elastic bands (increase in size and resistance based on their colours) and/or one’s own body weight effectively improve muscle strength, physical capacity, and activities of daily living in older adults in supervised clinical settings such as long-term care facilities and patients with sarcopenic obesity. Therefore, a new resistance training program that is accessible and helps to improve or maintain muscle strength, size and physical function in older adults is needed. We propose using resistance bands to improve the sustainability of a resistance training program for healthy older adults. Therefore, the primary objective of the study will be to determine the effectiveness of a 6-week supervised exercise training program that is in accordance with the Canadian physical activity guidelines (consisting of 3 days/week of aerobic exercise training and 2 days/week of bodyweight and elastic band-based resistance exercise training), on muscle mass, skeletal muscle anabolic signaling, strength, physical function, and cognitive function, in healthy older adults. A secondary objective of the study will be to recruit healthy young adults as a comparator for aforementioned outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".