The Interconnection of Rett Syndrome and Sleep Disturbances: a Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are included in supportive Rett syndrome diagnostic criteria as they are highly prevalent in patients with Rett syndrome, however, the link between Rett syndrome and sleep has not been well established (Shelton & Malow 2021). A large study that included 320 families with a child with Rett syndrome reported that 80% of patients experience sleep disturbances. The most common was night screaming and laughing, reported in 49% and 77% of patients, respectively (Wong et al 2015). Other disturbances include insomnia, arousal and movement disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, seizures, and sleep disordered breathing (Tarquinio et al 2018). Patients with Rett syndrome have been found to have decreased sleep efficacy and more frequent nighttime awakenings, altered REM and deep sleep, and abnormal gross and twitch movements due to hyper-arousability and hyper-motor restlessness (Ramirez et al 2020). The use of medication as a primary treatment was associated with only 1.7% reduction in reported sleep disturbances in patients with Rett syndrome (Wong et al 2015). The objectives of this scoping review are 1) to investigate the literature on sleep disturbances experienced by patients with Rett syndrome in order to better inform our understanding of how Rett syndrome affects sleep architecture, 2) identify the tools used to assess sleep as a primary or secondary outcome, and 3) determine the effects on sleep of interventions used to treat symptoms of Rett syndrome or sleep disturbances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".