Numerical investigation of a novel phase-change renewable energy system for underground mine heating and cooling.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study analyzes the performance of spray freezing, a novel renewable technology, to supplement the heating and cooling load of underground mines. This opportunistic technology provides a cost-effective way to utilize the sub-arctic conditions of Northern Canada for meeting the heating needs. The current study employs a Multiphysics, multi-scale approach to model the phenomena of spray freezing. The discrete phase computational fluid dynamics model developed, can reproduce both the local effects of droplet freezing and water evaporation along with the global energy balance of the whole system with the aim of maximizing the heat transfer to the cold air. The model is validated with published experimental data and further extended to evaluate the effect of different operational (air flow rate, inlet air temperature) of the system. Preliminary results indicate that air flow rate and temperature of water impacts the mixing which consequently influences the ice formation along with the outlet temperature of the air.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".