Border Gateway Protocol routing records from Reseaux IP Europeens (RIPE) and BCNET
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three well-known Border Gateway Anomalies (BGP) anomalies Slammer, Nimda, and Code Red I occurred in January 2003, September 2001, and July 2001, respectively. The Reseaux IP Europeens (RIPE) BGP update messages are publicly available from the Network Coordination Centre (NCC)and contain Slammer, Nimda, Code Red I, and regular data: https://www.ripe.net/analyse/. Regular data are also collected from BCNET: http://www.bc.net/.Slammer infected Microsoft SQL servers through a small piece of code that generated IP addresses at random. The number of infected machines doubled approximately every 9 seconds. Nimda exploited vulnerabilities in the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers for Internet Explorer 5. The worm propagated by sending an infected attachment that was automatically downloaded once the email was viewed. The Code Red I worm attacked Microsoft IIS web servers by replicating itself through IIS server weaknesses Unlike the Slammer worm, Code Red I searched for vulnerable servers to infect. The rate of infection was doubling every 37 minutes. 37 features are extracted from BGP update messages that originated from AS 513 (route collector rrc 04). The data collected during periods of Internet anomalies include: five-day period for Slammer and Code Red I (the day of the attack as well as two days prior and two days after the attack); seven-day period for Nimda (two and a half days of the attack as well as two and a half days prior and two days after the attack). Note that there are 31 missing data points in the Nimda dataset. http://www.sfu.ca/~ljilja/cnl/projects/BGP_datasets/index.html
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.034 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".