Squids As Potential Indicator Species Of Environmental Or Ecosystem Change In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.An unusually high abundance of long-finned squid (Loligo pealeii) at Newfoundland in 2000 is described. Prevalence of maturing females and mature males within samples, together with the collection of a single viable egg mop, provide the first evidence of spawning of this species at the northern limit of its geographic range of distribution. Trends in size and abundance of short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus) suggest that this northward expansion of the long-finned squid population may be related to relief of competition. Trends in local water temperature at Newfoundland suggest that this phenomenon may also be related to environmental variation. We apply time series analysis, with biological and environmental input variables, to each of long-finned and short-finned squid to address the hypothesis that these two species share, to a large extent, a common niche on the Northeast USA Shelf and that opposing responses to ecosystem variation regulate their relative abundance. The resultant models indicate that broad-scale atmospheric forcing reflected in variation in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is the basic cause of oceanographic variation that affects both species. While these two species exhibit opposing responses to variation in atmospheric forcing, direct mechanisms that regulate year class strength remain unknown. It is quite possible that mechanisms differ between the two species, with local variables directly affecting long-finned squid and broad-scale factors affecting short-finned squid. The expansion of the long-finned squid population in 2000 was associated with an unusual eastward displacement of an intense NAO that may have resulted in unfavourable oceanic conditions for short-finned squid but favourable environmental conditions for long-finned squid on the continental shelf as far north as southern Newfoundland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".