Bibliographic record
Abstract
There was a quarterly decrease of 6 percent in the value of "good" agricultural land-the largest quarterly decline since 1985-according to a survey of 227 bankers in the Seventh Federal Reserve District on April 1, 2009.Also, the year-over-year increase in District farmland values eroded to just 2 percent in the first quarter of 2009.Furthermore, the growth in farmland cash rental rates moderated in the District for 2009, with an increase of 7 percent.The number of survey respondents who observed that the demand to purchase farmland during the first three months of 2009 was lower relative to the same period last year exceeded those who observed higher demand.The number of farms sold, the acreage sold, and the amount of farmland for sale were all below the levels of the prior year.Nearly a third of the bankers anticipated further declines in land values during the second quarter of 2009, while almost two-thirds anticipated stable land values.The strengthening of credit conditions became more varied in the District from January through March of 2009.Both the demand for non-real-estate loans and the availability of funds improved from the same period in the previous year.Loan repayment rates edged up as well, but the flow of renewals and extensions of agricultural SAVE THE DATEOn December 1, 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago will hold a conference to explore the future of agriculture in the Midwest.Details are forthcoming on www.chicagofed.organd in the next issue of AgLetter.loans was roughly even.For the second quarter of 2009, respondents only expected higher loan demand for operating loans and loans guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency (FSA).As of April 1, District interest rates had reached historically low levels, averaging 6.20 percent for new operating loans and 6.14 percent for farm real estate loans.The average loan-to-deposit ratio was 76.2 percentabout 4 percent below the preferred ratio. Farmland valuesThe District's average year-over-year change in the value of "good" agricultural land slowed down in the first quarter of 2009, with only a 2 percent increase.Iowa's land values rose 2 percent year over year, while those of Illinois and Indiana increased 4 percent.Land values in Wisconsin gained the most from a year ago (6 percent), though they were down 7 percent from the previous quarter (see table and map below).Michigan's land values were actually lower than a year ago, as well as a quarter ago, according Percent change In dollar value of "good" farmland
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.604 | 0.474 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".