The distribution and abundance of parasites in harvested wildlife from the Canadian North : a review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parasites are key components of arctic ecosystems. The current rate of climate and landscape changes in the Arctic is expected to alter host-parasite interactions, creating a significant concern for the sustainability of arctic vertebrates. In addition to direct effects on host populations, changes in parasite loads on wildlife can have significant impacts on the people who depend on these organisms for food. Parasites play important roles in maintaining ecosystem stability through the regulation of host populations, and can provide unique insights into ecosystem structure. The present review examines the literature on the parasites of harvested wildlife in the Canadian North including studies in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, northern Quebec (Nunavik), and Newfoundland and Labrador. For host species with higher mobility, we included records from other regions, such as Greenland, Russia and the Canadian Subarctic, when no parasitological studies were available for the Canadian North. In addition, we searched databases for the Parasite Collection at the Canadian Museum of Nature and for the United States Parasite Collection for records from the Canadian North. We found records for 248 species of macroparasites in vertebrate species of country food of animal origin in the Canadian North including flatworms, roundworms, thorny-headed worms, ticks, lice, fleas, flies and tongue worms. This review highlights the need to extend the study of the parasites which infect the primary species of harvested wildlife in the Canadian North. More detailed information on parasite communities is particularly important as climate change raises the possibility that new parasite species will colonize the region. Building a DNA barcode library for the parasites from country food in the area will facilitate their identification and monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".