Interspecific differences in mercury and organochlorine pesticides concentrations in Arctic and subarctic fishes.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The diversity and complexity of Arctic fish communities will increase as subarctic species expand their range poleward. In turn, borealization of fish communities will modify the species composition of Arctic food webs, trophic interactions, and distribution of contaminants. Comparing how contaminants in marine fish vary as a function of feeding ecology and location in Arctic and subarctic regions provides insight into how biomagnification and contaminant loads will be altered by shifts in species composition. Here we assess the drivers of total mercury (THg) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in subarctic capelin (Mallotus villosus), glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), blue hake (Antimora rostrata), and abyssal grenadier (Coryphaenoides armatus). We also examine regional differences in THg concentrations in Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) across the Canadian Arctic. Glacier lanternfish were sampled using an Isaac Kidd Mid-Water Trawl (IKMT) and Arctic cod were sampled using a benthic beam trawl on the CCGS Amundsen. Capelin were hand-picked from beaches in coastal Labrador, while demersal fish were sampled using longlines on the FV Clears Cove Pride. Muscle tissue plugs were extracted and analyzed for methyl mercury (MeHg), total mercury (THg), OCP analytes, total lipid, and stable isotopes (δ14N, δ13C, and δ34S). Trophic position and species were the most important determinants of THg concentrations in all fishes, with habitat (δ13C and δ34S) also playing a role. While most OCPs varied by species, only three varied by trophic position, and one varied by location. Generally, demersal fishes had higher Hg and OCP concentrations than pelagic fishes. Mercury concentrations were lower in subarctic fish species than Arctic cod and higher in the western than the eastern Canadian Arctic, likely due to increased atmospheric inputs. Future Arctic contaminant seascapes will depend in part on the prevalence of boreal species and their anticipated altered predatory-prey interactions. We predict that future THg concentrations in Arctic marine fishes will decrease, while OCP concentrations levels will remain similar in a borealized Arctic.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it