Numerical simulations of broken ice interaction with structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interaction of moving broken ice with a structure is an important problem in ice mechanics. Ice-induced loads and pile-ups can result due to this type of interaction, for example, on a bridge pier during spring break-up or on a vessel stationkeeping in pack ice conditions. Numerical techniques can be developed and applied to investigate this type of problem. In this report, a numerical model of ice interaction with both slender and wide structures in varying ice conditions is presented. The model is based on a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) approach, combined with a viscous plastic ice rheology. The plastic yield follows a Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The Zhang-Hibler (1997) numerical scheme is used to solve the momentum equations. The model is used to examine the role of ice thickness, ice properties and velocity on the resulting forces on two different structures. The results show good agreement with the field measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".