Mass transfer resistance of CuCl₂ hydrolysis in a fixed bed reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrolysis reaction of the Copper-Chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle is examined in this research to investigate corresponding reaction kinetics with respect to mass transfer resistance through an experimental approach. The experiment was operated at a temperature of 390 °C at atmospheric pressure. The reaction is heterogeneous in which solid reactant CuCl₂ and gaseous reactant H₂O produce Cu₂OCl₂ and HCl. The heterogeneous behaviour of the reaction causes resistance to mass transfer of gaseous reactant H₂O. The resistance in internal diffusion and a surface reaction with mass transfer were analyzed with respect to the initial solid reactant particle size using a shrinking core model (SCM). The results present the thermophysical property of the reaction rate coefficient 0.201 65 s⁻¹ for a particle size of 620 μm and sphericity of 0.68. The experimentally determined reaction and conversion rates of hydrolysis with respect to time are presented, which are experimentally calculated parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for more accurate results. An uncertainty analysis for the sensors and transducers of the experiment shows that the experimental results have an uncertainty of ±30.1%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".