Juvenile and adult sea Lamprey behaviour (twitch and movement)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea lamprey are invasive fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and parasitically feed on many commercially important fishes. Sound has been used as a deterrent for invasive species, but its potential for manipulating sea lamprey behaviour in natural stream conditions is under-tested. Both the behavioural acoustic threshold and differential responses at different life stages of sea lamprey have also yet to be established. To fill in some of these literature gaps, low-frequency tones of 70 or 90 Hz were used in a laboratory setting to determine the behavioural responses of adult and juvenile sea lamprey. Both stages of sea lamprey exhibited a change in swimming behaviour and a twitch (startle) in response to both frequencies. Adults had a lower threshold to 70 Hz than 90 Hz tone bursts with juveniles showing no difference between frequencies. These thresholds and behaviours can be used in natural settings to control or impact the behaviour of sea lamprey to aid in directing lamprey movement either toward existing traps or away from fish bypass structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.089 | 0.047 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".