Supplementary file - Ferreira et al. 2023
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A biosseguridade é o conjunto de práticas em um sistema de produção a fim de prevenir e/ou controlar a entrada, disseminação e saída de agentes biológicos nocivos. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi levantar práticas de biosseguridade e associá-las de acordo com o tamanho dos sistemas de produção. Para isso, aplicou-se um formulário de avaliação de risco biológico em 69 propriedades da região de Campos Gerais no Paraná. O questionário era dividido em duas seções: geral e específico sobre os vírus BVDV e BoHV-1. A seção geral contempla tópicos sobre controle de tráfego, quarentena e isolamento animal, práticas de higiene, descarte de carcaças e monitoramento/controle. A seção específica é composta por perguntas acerca fatores reprodutivos, respiratórios, uso de antimicrobianos e calendário vacinal. As 69 propriedades foram classificadas em pequenas (≤ 61), médias (de 62 a 201) e grandes (≥ 202 vacas em lactação). Neste estudo foram avaliados bovinos da raça Holandesa que apresentavam em média 183 vacas em lactação que produziam 31 litros/dia e apresentavam uma média da contagem de células somáticas de 218.000 células/ml e 197 dias em lactação. A produção diária total dos rebanhos foi 459.447 ± 1.147 litros de leite. Foi determinado uma pontuação (0-10) para cada questão e determinado o grau de biosseguridade, classificando em alto (≥290 pontos), médio (231 a 289 pontos) ou baixo (≤230 pontos). Nas propriedades pequenas a pontuação variou de 150-320 pontos, nas propriedades médias de 200-350 e nas grandes de 210-340 pontos. A média geral do escore de risco biológico dos rebanhos obtido em nosso estudo foi de 263 pontos, variando de 150-350 pontos. Os principais fatores de risco e variabilidade observados estavam relacionados ao controle de tráfego de pessoas, animais e veículos/equipamentos; quarentena/isolamento animal e práticas de higiene. A partir do MCA foi possível notar que propriedades de pequeno porte estavam comumente associadas a ausência de medidas de biosseguridade como aquelas relacionadas ao controle de tráfego, quarentena animal e higiene. Em propriedades de médias verificou-se contato de animais bovinos de diferentes idades e dificuldade no isolamento de animais como alguns dos principais fatores de risco. Já em propriedades grandes, o isolamento de animais doentes ocorria facilmente, mas a compra de animais bovinos também era um potencial fator de risco. Esses resultados auxiliam a compreensão da relação da biosseguridade com o tamanho das propriedades contribuindo para elaboração assertiva de planos de biosseguridade ao considerar tal característica. ---- Biosecurity is the set of practices in a production system in order to prevent and/or control the entry, spread and exit of harmful biological agents. The objective was to survey biosecurity practices and they associate with size of the production systems. For this purpose, teams applied a biological risk assessment form to 69 farms in the Campos Gerais region in Paraná. We divided the questionnaire into two sections: one general section and one specific to BVDV and BoHV-1 viruses. The general section covers topics on traffic control, animal quarantine and isolation, hygiene practices, carcass disposal and monitoring/control. The specific section is composed of questions about reproductive factors, respiratory factors, antimicrobial use and vaccination schedule. The 69 farms were classified as small (≤ 61), medium (62 to 201) and large (≥ 202 lactating cows). This study evaluated Holstein cattle with an average of 183 lactating cows that produced 31 liters/day and had an average somatic cell count of 218,000 cells/ml and 197 days in lactation. The total daily production of the herds was 459,447 ± 1,147 liters of milk. A score (0-10) was determined for each question and the degree of biosecurity was categorized as high (≥290 points), medium (231 to 289 points) or low (≤230 points). On small farms the score ranged from 150-320 points, on medium farms from 200-350 and on large farms from 210-340 points. The overall average biological risk score of the herds obtained in our study was 263 points, ranging from 150-350 points. Traffic control of people, animals and vehicles/equipment, animal quarantine/isolation and hygiene practices were main risk factors and variability observed. From the MCA it was possible to note that small farms were commonly associated with the absence of biosecurity measures such as those related to traffic control, animal quarantine and hygiene. In medium-sized properties, there was contact between bovine animals of different ages and difficulty in isolating animals as some of the main risk factors. In large farms, isolation of sick animals occurred easily, but the purchase of bovine animals was also a potential risk factor. These results help to understand the relationship between biosecurity and the size of the farms, contributing to the assertive elaboration of biosecurity plans when considering this characteristic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.087 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.854 | 0.252 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".