THE LOST 532 YEARS CALENDAR-CYCLES OF SARGIS PHILOSOPHER THE SECOND, RECONSTRUCTION. PART II. THE ARMENIAN NON-FIXED CALENDAR AND THE 532-YEAR CYCLE

On the basis of manuscript data, the non-fixed 532-year cycle composed by Sargis Philosopher the Second may be restored. He created it in the 14th century according to the fixed Julian and the non-fixed Armenian calendars. The calendar cycle of Sargis is lost, but Ms M2036 contains information on the old Armenian and Julian months; the most valuable evidence shows to which Julian month each old Armenian month corresponded in the first quarter of the second half of 14th century. According to R. Vardanyan, the first year of Sargis's cycle is 1341. The leap year in this cycle occurred in 1344. We have also restored the missing part of the Armenian non-fixed calendar and the 256-year period between Anania Shirakats'i's 532-year calendar cycle and the similar cycle of Sargis; it starts in the last year of Anania's 532-year calendar (1085) and reaches the first year of Sargis's calendar, 1341. In the Armenian calendar, the dates fall back by one day each leap year, so it is important to restore this cycle. The difference between the Armenian and Julian calendars in 30 leap years makes one full month. With the help of the missing part, we can bring the reconstruction of the basic Armenian calendar to the year 1872. Christ's Baptism (January 6) and the vernal equinox (march 20) are the only immovable events in the 532-years cycle; so we can start the calculations from them and reconstruct the whole picture of Sargis's calendar in 1340, when the 256-year period is over. This allows to find out that January 6 corresponds to Navasard 12 (the first Armenian month) and this correspondence will not change until (and including) the next leap year, since the new day is added in February, and the change will affect the next January (i.e. in 1345) and so on. In his colophon of 1384, Sargis writes that the calendar was created in the ՊԼԳ (= 833) year of the Great Armenian era, i.e. in 1384 (833 + 551), and that August 27 corresponds to Ahki 16 (the 9th month of the old Armenian calendar). We have suggested a simple formula for finding the inter-calendar equivalent: C + A = B; C is the old equivalent, A is the number of leap years, and B is the new equivalent. We have also corrected the movable vernal equinox data in the reconstruction of the 532-year non-fixed calendar period calculated by Anania Shirakats'i. The Armenian calendar consists of 12 months and each of them contains 30 days, except the 5 epagomenal (aweleats') days (the sum is 365 days). The calendar cycle of Sargis is based on the product of the cycles of the moon and the sun. The cycle of the moon repeats every 19 year, with the order of the lunar phases, and the sun's cycle repeats every 28 year according to the order of the days of the week, and together they form the 532-year cycle (19 × 28 = 532). Sargis created two 532-year calendar cycles: one is based on the Julian fixed calendar and the other on the Armenian non-fixed calendar that we have reconstructed in this article.

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