Identity, Society, and State Citizenship and Inclusion in Nepal over Time. In Deepak Thapa (Ed.) The Politics of Change: Reflections on Contemporary Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this chapter, we seek to outline the longue durée historical, cultural, and political contexts surrounding recent debates over citizenship, inclusion and identity. We also present a review of the process of federal restructuring between 2006and 2017, which leads into an analysis of the data dealing with the themes of identity and inclusion in A Survey of the Nepali People in 2017 (SoNP 2017). We make several overarching observations: i) that ‘identity’ must be understood beyond the narrow frame of ‘identity politics’ with which it is often conflated; ii) that ‘identity’ is a fluid and multi-layered concept describing something that all Nepalis possess, yet define in highly varied ways;2 iii) that this fluidity and difference have been manipulated by the Nepali state for a range of strategic purposes over time, including the present; and iv) that despite such manipulations, for the most part, diverse Nepali citizens have managed to live together amicably with tolerance in ways that speak to the success of Nepali state integration over time, yet leave open areas for more inclusive and equitable future policies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".