Parasola kuehneri Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple

Parasola kuehneri (Uljé & Bas) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple, in Redhead, Vilgalys, Moncalvo, Johnson & Hopple, Taxon 50 (1): 235 (2001). Figs 17 m – o, 20 Basionym. Coprinus kuehneri Uljé & Bas, Persoonia 13 (4): 438 (1988). Description. Pileus 7–9 × 9–14 mm when still closed, up to 19 mm when mature, at first subglobose or ovoid, expanded pileus conical or occasionally flattened; dry; ochreous to red-brown at center, especially when young, usually with shades of gray at margin; at first with distinct longitudinal ridge at center, sulcate-striate up to 3 / 4 part from margin to center at age, sometimes with cracking edge. Context extremely thin, almost unseen in membrane part of pileus, whitish, young transparent light yellow or slightly brown-gray, brittle, odor and taste not distinctive. Lamellae rather crowded, free, 1–3 mm in wide, L = 46–53, I = 0 or 1, first white to beige, then become pale gray, brown-gray or gray, hardly deliquescent with age. Stipe 46–105 × 2 mm, cylindrical, hollow, almost equal or attenuate towards the apex, sordid white or cream, with brown or ochreous hue at bottom of stipe, glabrous; with white tomentose at base. Spore print not recorded. Basidiospores (8.5 –) 9.3–10.5 (– 12.9) × (7.4 –) 7.9–8.7 (– 10.5) × (6.3 –) 6.5–6.9 (– 7.5) μm, Q 1 = 1.15–1.29, Q 2 = 1.30–1.52, av. Q 1 = 1.21, av. Q 2 = 1.44; strongly lentiform, round-angled triangular, rhomboid, ovoid or mitriform, usually with apical papilla and convex base in face view, ellipsoid to narrow ellipsoid in side view; smooth, yellow-brown to brown-black in water and red-brown in 5 % KOH, with yellow-brown oil droplet; inamyloid; germ pore eccentric, 1.7–2.8 μm in wide. Basidia dimorphic, 18–36 × 8–10 μm, with brachybasidia which are up to 15 μm in length, sterigma 3–6 μm, clavate, sometimes constricted in middle part, hyaline, 4 - or 2 - spored, surrounded with 4–7 pseudoparaphyses; subhymenium composed of ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical elements, 12–28 × 8–17 μm. Cheilocystidia 33–55 × 14–23 μm, abundant, ellipsoid, fusiform or sublageniform, sometimes with a capitate apex, rarely globose, smooth, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 46–76 × 17–33 μm, sublageniform or (sub) cylindrical, usually constricted in middle part. Lamella trama regular, 10–19 μm wide, hyaline, colorless, thin-walled. Pileipellis a hymeniderm at yellow-brown sulcate, mainly made up of clavate cells or rarely sphaeropedunculate cells, 25–43 × 13–18 μm, hyaline, with brown hue at base in most cases; other part of pileus with gray hue a cutis, made up of hyaline, almost colorless hyphae, 5–11 μm; pileus trama hyphae densely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline, yellow-brown to brown, 3–7 μm wide. Sclerocystidia absent. Stipipellis hyphae parallel, 3–7 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, often diverticulate; hyphae of stipe trama 11–24 μm wide, colorless, thin-walled; caulocystidia unseen. Clamp-connection and pseudoclamps present. Ecology. Solitary, fasciculate, or in small groups, usually grow on soil in grassy place (especially near trunks) or soil-covered wood. Fruiting in June to August. Recorded with certainty from Netherlands, France, Germany, British, Poland and Italy in Europe (Uljé and Bas 1988; Uljé 2005), Japan in Asia (treated as Coprinus plicatilis f. microsporus) (Hongo and Aoki 1964); other reports also from North America and Oceania (f); only known from Jilin Province in China so far. Specimens examined. CHINA • Jilin Province, Changchun City, campus of Jilin Agricultural University, 43°81'50"N, 125°40'99"E, 147 m a. s. l., June 18 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60343 (Z 1); • same place as HMJAU 60343, June 19 th 2021, L. Y. Zhu, HMJAU 60344 (Z 2); CHINA • Jinlin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe, Qianjin Forest Farm, 43°54'37"N, 127°38'57"E, 341 m a. s. l., July 22 nd 2022, L. Y. Zhu and H. B. Song, HMJAU 60078 (Z 22072231); CHINA • Jilin Province, Jilin City, Jiaohe City, Shansong Ridge, 43°32'57"N, 127°08'07"E, 333 m a. s. l., July 25 th 2022, T. Bau, L. Y. Zhu and S. E. Wang, HMJAU 60077 (Z 22072530). Notes. Parasola kuehneri could be easily distinguished from other species in Parasola with its distinct pileus which have red-brown hue and longitudinal ridge at center. It is recorded that Parasola kuehneri from Europe have relatively small basidiospores (6.5–10.8 × 5.5–8.2 × 5.0–6.3 μm) which are sometimes heart-shaped and larger cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia which are up to 80 μm and 100 μm, respectively; besides, the European groups prefer to be terrestrial on naked soil that differs from our observations (Uljé and Bas 1988; Uljé 2005; Schafer 2014). Parasola kuehneri was recognized as a variety of Parasola plicatilis (Kühner and Josserand 1934; Hongo and Aoki 1964), while the latter have larger basidiospores (10.0–14.5 × 7.0–10.5 × 6.5–8.0 μm) (Uljé 2005).

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