Scatophila cribrata

20. Scatophila cribrata (Stenhammar) Figs. 158, 177–183 Ephydra (Ephydra) cribrata Stenhammar 1844: 269. Scatella cribrata.— Loew 1860: 42 [generic combination]. Scatophila cribrata.— Becker 1896: 240 [generic combination]; 1905: 213 [Palearctic catalog]; 1926: 88 [review].— Cresson 1930: 129 [review].— Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954: 190 [review].— Dahl 1959: 128–129 [review].— Wirth 1965: 758 [Nearctic catalog].— Papp 1975b: 124 [key].— Canzoneri and Meneghini 1983: 77 [review].— Cogan 1984: 169 [Palearctic catalog].— Zatwarnicki 1987: 291 [checklist].— Zatwarnicki and Mathis 1994: 365 [phylogeny, quadriguttata group].— Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 282 [world catalog]. Ephydra striata Walker 1849: 1107.— Zatwarnicki and Mathis 1994: 367 [synonymy]. Scatophila striata.— Sturtevant 1923: 11 [generic combination, synonymy with Ephydra despecta Haliday]. Diagnosis.—This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Generally dark colored but with varied gray areas; small shore flies, body length 1.50–195 mm. Head (Figs. 178–179): Mesofrons and fronto-orbital plate brown to grayish brown; parafrons charcoal black. Face of ♂ normally developed, transversely arched, not conspicuously projected at ventral margin; face mostly gray but with bases of some lateral setulae brown, giving speckled appearance. Gena moderately short, subequal to height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.15–0.20. Thorax (Figs. 168, 177): Mesonotum (Fig. 177) mostly brown with some grayish stripes along setal tracks; a presutural pair of dorsocentral setae present; scutum mostly brown but with narrow, linear gray areas adjacent to brown, acrostichal and dorsocentral areas, often with thin, linear medial gray stripe posteriorly. Wing (Fig. 158) generally infuscate and with conspicuous spots; cell r 1 lacking spots; cell r 4 with spots large and distinct. Halter brownish black; costal vein ratio 0.27–0.32; M 1 vein ratio 0.64–0.81. Legs mostly dark brown to black; male midfemur lacking row of spine-like setulae along posteroventral margin. Abdomen (Figs. 180–182): Generally blackish brown to grayish black with faint gray areas posterolaterally; tergite 5 of male mostly grayish black to black. Male terminalia: (Figs. 180–182): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 180) with dorsal margin moderately rounded, dorsolateral margins flared shallowly laterally to shallow, widely obtusely elbowed lateral margin, ventral margin distinctly emarginate, moderately deeply and widely V-shaped, epandrial width about 0.60 height; height of cercal opening about 1/3 overall epandrial height, epandrial setulae of equal size, sparse medially and along lateral margins, those along ventral margin slightly longer and more numerous; cerci in posterior view (Fig. 180) semihemispherical, acutely pointed dorsally; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 182) robustly obtusely angulate basally, generally forming irregular rectangle, posterior portion broadly and shallowly rounded and with short pointed, digitiform process at posterodorsal angle, in ventral view (Fig. 181) narrowly ovate, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, tapered toward posterior apex; ventral aedeagal process conspicuously C-shaped; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 182) elongate, narrow, angulate at dorsal third, length of dorsal portion (toward base of aedeagus) about half length of ventral portion, ventral portion elongate and linear, tapered to narrowed apex, in ventral view (Fig. 181) T-shaped, basal crossbar about 1/3 length of narrow medial process, crossbar distinctly tapered; postgonite in lateral view (Fig. 182) V-shaped, with dorsal extension somewhat narrowly rectangular but with nipple-like bifurcate process at posterodorsal angle, bearing setulae, ventral extension narrow, parallel sided, shallowly curved, elongate, in ventral view (Fig. 181) with posterior extensions narrowly rod-like, recurved medially, and with tiny, nipple-like apex; neohypandrium in lateral view (Fig. 182) narrow, sinuous, elongate, parallel-sided along length. Type Material.—The lectotype female of Ephydra cribrata (Stenhammar), herein designated, directly pinned, has no labels. We attached the following label to the lectotype: “ LECTOTYPE ♂ Ephydra cribrata Stenhammar designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis.” [red]. The lectotype is in good condition, is directly pinned, and is deposited in UUZM. The paralectotype female is labeled: “ E. cribrata St. [enhammar] ♂. a Stenh.[ammar; = by Stenhammar; handwritten]/MZLU-DIPT 000 67428 [“67428” handwritten]/ PARALECTOTYPE ♂ Ephydra cribrata Stenhammar designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis ” preserved in MZLU. The paralectotype is in moderate condition, without head and left wing, and is directly pinned. The lectotype female of Ephydra striata Walker, herein designated, is labeled “Type [round label with green submargin]/Huds. Bay [round label; “47 V.” on reverse of round label]/ Ephydra striata Walk [“One of Walkers series so named. EAW” on reverse]/Hudson’s Bay. St. Martin’s Falls. George Barnston. B. M. 1844—17/SYN-TYPE [round label with yellow margin]/ LECTOTYPE ♀ Ephydra striata Walker designated by Zatwarnicki & Mathis NHMUK [red].” A second female, herein designated as a paralectotype, is labeled “ Ephydra striata Walk. [“One of Walkers series so named. EAW” on reverse]/Hudson’s Bay. St. Martin’s Falls. George Barnston. B. M. 1844 - 17.”, “SYN-TYPE” [round label with yellow submargin]. The lectotype and paralectotype are double mounted and are deposited in the NHMUK. Other Specimens Examined.— CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Nelson (49°29.6'N, 117°17.1'W), 17 Jul 1910, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM). Terrace (54°31.1'N, 128°36.2'W), 1–7 Apr 1933, M. E. Hippisley (1♂, 1♀; USNM). MANITOBA. Aweme (49°35.9'N, 99°42.4'W), 12 Oct 1915, N. Criddle (1♀; USNM). NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Mackenzie Delta, Fort Norman (65°54'N, 125°35’W, 8 Jul 1940, (2♂; USNM). ONTARIO. Conniston (46°29'N, 80°51'W), Jul 1915. H. S. Parish (1♀; USNM). GREENLAND. Ritenbenck (70°55'N, 51°18'W), Lundbeck (1♂, 1♀; USNM). UNITED STATES. ALASKA. Anchorage: Anchorage (61°13.1'N, 149°54'W), 15 Jun 1921, J. M. Aldrich (1♀; USNM); Mirror Lake (61°25.7'N, 149°24.9'W), 29 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Bethel (Census Area): Bethel (60°47.5'N, 161°45.3'W), 25 Sep 1917, A. H. Twitchell (1♀; USNM). Kenai Peninsula: Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Nikolai Creek (0.4 km SW, 3.2 km E Kolomin Lake (60°07.4'N, 150°58.9'W), 20 Jun 2006, A. Wu (1♀; KNWR). Matanuska-Susitna: Matanuska Valley (61°36.5'N, 149°04.7'W; emergence traps), 24 May–30 Jun 1944, 1945, J. C. Chamberlin (3♂, 5♀; UAM, USNM); Matanuska (61°32.5'N, 149°13.8'W; rotary trap), 27 Apr–6 Jun 1944, J. C. Chamberlin (43♂, 50♀; USNM). Nome (Census Area): Nome, Anvil City Square (64°30'N, 165°24.6'W), 2 Aug 2012, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Snake River (11 km NW Nome; 64°33.9'N, 165°30.6'W), 2 Aug 2012, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Yukon-Koyukuk (Census Area): Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge, Minnkokut (66°33.1'N, 151°40.9'W; Malaise trap), 14–15 Jun 2005, L. Saperstein (2♂, 3♀; UAM). CALIFORNIA. Mariposa: Yosemite (37°51.9'N, 119°32.3'W), 10 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). IDAHO. Latah: Moscow Mountain (46°48.2'N, 116°52.1'W), 6–7 Jul 1912, 1912, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; USNM). MICHIGAN. Saginaw: Saginaw (43°35.9'N, 83°57'W), C. W Sabrosky (1♂; USNM). OREGON. Deschutes: Sisters (24 km S; 44°17.5'N, 121°33'W), 10 Jul 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). WASHINGTON. Asotin: Clarkston (46°25'N, 117°02.7'W), 8 Mar 1908 (1♀; USNM). Chelan: Cashmere (47°31.3'N, 120°28.2'W), 29 May 1917, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM). Okanagan: Okanagan (48°33'N, 119°45'W), 20 May 1924, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM). San Juan: Orcas Island, above Mountain Lake (48°39.5'N, 122°48.9'W), 18 Aug 1925, A. L. Melander (1♂, 2♀; USNM). Whitman: Pullman (46°43.9'N, 117°10.8'W), 15 Jul 1917, A. L. Melander (1♀; USNM). Type Locality.— Sweden. (“Uplandia ad Holmiam et in Ostrogothia ad Häradshammar”). Distribution (Fig. 183).— Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario), Greenland, United States (Alaska, California, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, Washington). Palearctic: Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands; Poland, Russia (European Territory), Sweden, Ukraine. Remarks.—This species is placed in the quadriguttata group.

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