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Record W6968295692 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16154340

L'entreprise, entre réalité économique et fiction juridique : pour une reconnaissance fonctionnelle en droit marocain

2025· article· fr· W6968295692 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2025
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocial Sciences and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCivil codeContext (archaeology)Settlement (finance)Dowry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Résumé Cet article explore la problématique de la non-reconnaissance juridique de l’entreprise dans le droit positif marocain, alors même que celle-ci constitue un acteur central de la vie économique. Ni le Code des obligations et des contrats ni le Code de commerce ne définissent l’entreprise comme une entité autonome, préférant encadrer les formes classiques telles que le commerçant ou la société. Ce silence normatif engendre une série de dysfonctionnements : dispersion des responsabilités, insécurité juridique, difficulté d’encadrement des formes émergentes de production. Pour y remédier, la doctrine contemporaine plaide pour une approche fonctionnelle, considérant l’entreprise comme une organisation économique structurée par un projet collectif, mobilisant des ressources humaines, matérielles et contractuelles. L’étude adopte une méthode combinée : analyse doctrinale, étude de droit comparé (modèles québécois, allemand, américain) et réflexion prospective sur les voies d’évolution possibles. Elle montre que plusieurs systèmes juridiques étrangers sont parvenus à reconnaître l’entreprise en dehors des cadres rigides de la personnalité morale, en s’appuyant sur ses fonctions économiques, sociales et organisationnelles. A cet égard, l’article propose une solution originale adaptée au contexte marocain : la création d’une catégorie juridique souple, la « structure entrepreneuriale reconnue » (SER). Cette entité permettrait d’intégrer dans le champ du droit les entreprises informelles ou hybrides qui exercent effectivement une activité économique structurée, sans recourir à une incorporation classique. L’exemple d’une entrepreneure utilisant les réseaux sociaux pour commercialiser ses produits illustre cette dynamique fonctionnelle ignorée par le droit positif actuel. En définitive, l’article plaide pour une reconnaissance progressive, contextualisée et finaliste de l’entreprise, fondée sur les fonctions qu’elle remplit dans la société et non sur son statut juridique formel. Cette approche, compatible avec les fondements du droit civil marocain, permettrait de réconcilier la réalité économique avec le cadre juridique, tout en renforçant la capacité du droit à encadrer l’innovation, la gouvernance et la responsabilité. Mots clés : Entreprise et droit, Théorie juridique de l’entreprise, Régulation des entités économiques, La notion de l’entreprise. Abstract This article investigates the legal invisibility of the enterprise in Moroccan positive law, despite its central role in the country’s economic landscape. Neither the Moroccan Code of Obligations and Contracts nor the Commercial Code provides a clear definition of the enterprise as an autonomous entity. Instead, legal regulation continues to focus on traditional forms such as the merchant or the corporation. This normative silence generates systemic dysfunctions: fragmented responsibilities, legal uncertainty, and inadequate regulation of emerging economic models. In response, contemporary legal scholarship advocates for a functional approach that views the enterprise as an organized economic unit driven by a collective project and mobilizing human, material, and contractual resources. The study employs a mixed methodology, combining doctrinal analysis, comparative legal review (drawing on Quebec, German, and American models), and forward-looking reflection on potential legal reforms. It demonstrates that several legal systems have successfully recognized the enterprise beyond the rigid framework of legal personality by focusing on its economic, social, and organizational functions. In this context, the article introduces an original and contextually relevant proposal for Morocco: the creation of a flexible legal category, the “recognized entrepreneurial structure” (structure entrepreneuriale reconnue, or SER). This mechanism would allow the legal system to integrate informal or hybrid enterprises that effectively conduct structured economic activities, without requiring incorporation into a traditional legal entity. The example of a female entrepreneur marketing natural cosmetic products via social media, while managing suppliers and client relations, highlights the type of economic actor currently excluded from legal recognition. Ultimately, the article advocates for a progressive, contextual, and functional legal recognition of the enterprise—based not on legal form but on the roles and functions it fulfills within society. This approach would reconcile legal doctrine with contemporary economic realities and empower the law to more effectively regulate innovation, governance, and social responsibility. It offers a viable path for Morocco to modernize its legal framework without disrupting its civil law foundations. Keywords: Enterprise and Law, Legal Theory of the Enterprise, Regulation of Economic Entities, The Concept of the Enterprise.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.238
Threshold uncertainty score0.472

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0080.016
Scholarly communication0.0100.005
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0020.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0150.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.279
Teacher spread0.244 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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