Sero-Prevalence of Leptospira hardjo Infection among Cattle Slaughtered at Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a transmissible zoonotic disease that is widely distributed worldwide; it causes public health problems and affects both developed and developing countries. This study investigated sero-prevalence of Leptospira hardjo infection among cattle slaughtered in Sokoto State Metropolitan Abattoir. One hundred and eighty-four (184) samples were collected aseptically from the jugular vein of different breeds of cattle (Red Bororo, Sokoto Gudali and White Fulani) at slaughter position in Sokoto metropolitan abattoir using aseptically anticoagulant-free vacutainers twice in a week and the samples were centrifuged and sera separated. Indirect Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique (specific for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira pomona and L. hardjo in bovine serum) was employed and the procedures were carried out according to the manufacturer’s protocol (ELISA Bovicheck® Lepto HP, Bioveta, Canada). The optical density was read using an ELISA reader (Optic System IVYMEN® 2100C, USA). Overall prevalence of Leptospira spp serovar hardjo in the study area was found to be 17.4 % (32). The prevalence in cows was higher (18.4%) than that recorded in males (16.0%). There was absence of a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in seropositivity of leptospiral infection between the bulls. The age-specific prevalence of L. hardjo infection showed that young cattle are more exposed but no statistical association was observed p>0.05. The breed specific prevalence of Leptospira hardjo infection showed that Sokoto Gudali recorded a higher prevalence of 28.0% (7), while White Fulani and Red Bororo and recorded a prevalence of and 16.4% (9) and 15.4% (16) respectively. There was no statistical association between breed and Leptospiral infection (p>0.05). The most predominant breed in the study area was the White Fulani cow. This study concluded that cattle in the study area are exposed to infection by Leptospira spp. The presence of leptospirosis among cattle slaughtered in the abattoir may serve as an occupational hazard to the abattoir workers. These abattoir workers are at risk of being infected by Leptospira spp. serovar hardjo. Age, sex, and breed are not associated with Leptospira infection in cattle slaughtered in Sokoto State abattoir
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".