Bibliographic record
Abstract
150. Cylindroiulus latestriatus (Curtis, 1845) Julus latestriatus Curtis, 1845. Julus luscus Meinert, 1868. Cylindroiulus frisius Verhoeff, 1891. Cylindroiulus owenii Bollman, 1887. Iulus parisiorum miraculus Brölemann & Verhoeff, 1896. Distribution BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK-DEN, DK-FOR, EE, ES-CNY, ES-SPA, FI, FR-FRA, GB-CI, GB-GRB, GB-NI, HU, IE, LT, LV, NL, NO-NOR, PL, PT-AZO, PT-POR, RO, RU-KGD, RU-RUC, RU-RUW, SE, SK, UA. Extended Atlantic. – Also widely introduced in the Afrotropical, Australian, Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. Found on several remote islands including Tristan da Cunha, Saint Paul and Easter Island. Habitat Among the roots of halophytes on fixed coastal dunes and in grassland on a sandy substrate; inland strongly associated with sandy areas, common on some heaths, has been found in the deciduous litter of woodland on light soils, but more usually synanthropic. Abundant in some horticultural areas and found often in urban gardens. Remarks This remarkable species is distributed along the Atlantic and North Sea coasts from Macaronesia and Portugal to Norway and in the Baltic reaches Finland and Russia. It becomes increasingly synanthropic into the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, similarly inland on the Continent where there are numerous scattered records eastwards to Russia and the Ukraine. From Europe C. latestriatus has spread as far as South Africa, North, Central and South America, even to remote places such as St. Paul Island in the Antarctic and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, showing unusual pioneering abilities. It is perhaps the most widely distributed millipede on Earth. This may be correlated with its unusually short life cycle: reproduction may take place already in the second year of life (Voigtländer 1996).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".