Euarestoides abstersus

Euarestoides abstersus (Loew, 1862) Figs. 2–3, 14–17, 38, 44, 50, 58 Trypeta abstersa Loew 1862: 221 [description]; Loew 1864: 91; Loew 1873: 322 [review]. Trypeta (Urellia) abstersa: Osten Sacken 1878: 194 [catalog]. Urellia abstersa: Loew 1873: 324, 330 [n. comb.]; Johnson 1895: 337 [Florida]; Coquillett 1899: 265 [synonymy]; Adams 1904: 450 [key]; Johnson 1909: 113 [distribution]; Johnson 1910: 803 [New Jersey]; Johnson 1913: 84 [Florida]. Euaresta abstersa: Coquillett 1899: 265 [taxonomy]. Trypanea abstersa: Johnson 1925: 264 [New England]; Leonard 1928: 853 [New York]; Johnson 1930: 151 [Massachusetts]; Curran 1932: 6 [key]; Brimley 1938: 384 [North Carolina]; Ouellet 1941: 130 [Quebec]; Phillips 1946: 83, 125 [description of larva, biology, host plant]; Hennig 1952: 212 [catalog of immature stages]. Tephritis abstersa: Cresson 1931: 3 [review]. Trupanea (Euarestoides) abstersa: Benjamin 1934: 58 [review, Florida, host plant]. Euarestoides abstersa: Hering 1941: 165 [n. comb.]; Aczél 1950: 292 [catalog]; Quisenberry 1951: 59 [taxonomy]; Foote 1958: 290 [review]. Euarestoides abstersus: Foote 1965: 669 [catalog]; Foote 1967: 24 [catalog]; Wasbauer 1972: 113 [host plant]; Hilgendorf & Goeden 1982: 152 [host plant]; Foote et al. 1993: 156 [identification, distribution, host plant]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 146 [catalog]; Norrbom 2004 [database]; Sutton & Steck 2006: 240 [Florida]. Diagnosis. This species differs from other species of Euarestoides, except E. pereirai, in having the apical ray in cell r 1 broad, similar in width to the subapical ray (Figs. 2–3). It further differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. acutangulus in having the area from the pterostigma to crossvein r-m with distinct and continuous pale brown markings, and from E. dreisbachi in having the lateral margin of the aculeus serrate, and the apical lobe of the acrophallus parallel sided (not with apex twice width of base as in E. dreisbachi). It differs from E. pereirai in lacking a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark, the medial prensiseta straight (not curved as in E. pereirai), and the acrophallus with a projecting apical lobe, as well as other differences indicated in the key. Description. Body length 2.4–3.9 mm, yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown. Head: Slightly higher (0.72–0.88 mm) than long (0.51–0.63 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extending near vertical seta. Frons length (0.41–0.48 mm) less than or equal to width at vertex (0.43–0.51 mm), slightly narrowed anteriorly (width at anterior margin 0.36–0.39 mm). Gena with few small yellowish setulae on middle and ventral margin, genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.22–0.25. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.62–0.75 mm, width 0.49–0.56 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere longer than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae. Thorax: Length 1.1–1.4 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow. Wing (Figs. 2–3): Length 3.42–4.51 mm, width 1.05–1.68 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin ending anteriorly on vein R 1 or in apex of pterostigma; rest of pterostigma yellow or subhyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and extending into cell r 2+3; almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, sometimes reaching vein R 2+3; and small rounded or triangular subapical mark usually not reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell. Cells bm and cu a mostly hyaline. Cells br, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown to gray reticulate, markings mostly connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 usually not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m usually connected). Halter yellow. Legs: Entirely yellow. Abdomen: Ground color yellow to brown. Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.66–0.68 mm, width 0.55–0.58 mm at base and 0.23–0.24 mm at apex; basal half with setulae lanceolate, white and apical half with setulae acuminate, brown. Eversible membrane (Fig. 14) length 0.80–0.82 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 15) pale brown, length 0.70–0.76 mm, lateral margin serrate from proximal to opening of cloaca to subapically, tip (Fig. 16) triangular with elongate apex, length 0.17–0.19 mm. Spermathecae (Fig. 17) subspherical, length 0.13–0.15 mm. Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight (Figs. 38, 44). Phallapodeme 0.32–0.34 mm long. Glans (Fig. 50) 0.21–0.23 mm long; acrophallus with straight, cylindrical apical lobe; vesica short. Distribution. Nearctic. This species occurs in the Bahamas and on the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States from Massachusetts to Florida (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), as well as Texas (Fig. 58). Foote et al. (1993) also recorded it from Michigan, and Ouellet (1941) from Canada (Quebec). Records of this species from the western United States, Mexico, South America and Cuba refer to E. acutangulus. Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Carphephorus paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Herbert (= Trilisa paniculata (J.F. Gmel.) Cass.) (Eupatorieae) (Benjamin 1934; Phillips 1946). Foote (1958) also listed Solidago sp. and Suaeda sp. (as “seablite”) as “hosts”, but these are doubtful host plants, the records presumably based on adults swept from or collected on these plants. Hilgendorf & Goeden (1982) also listed Xanthium strumarium L. as a host plant, citing Cresson (1931), but the data provided by that author do not indicate that specimens were reared. Adults have also been swept from or collected on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Adults have been collected during April, May, November and December in the southern part of the range (Bahamas, Florida, Texas), and from June to October in the northern part of the range. Type data. Loew (1862) described Trypeta abstersa from an unstated number of female specimens from “Amer. Boreal.” [North America] in the “Coll. Winth.” [Winthem Collection]. The range of body and wing lengths in the description suggests that there were multiple specimens, but Loew (1873: 324) later stated that he described this species from “a North American female in the Winthem Collection” and he did not have “the original specimen at hand for comparison”. According to Foote (1958: 290), the holotype is labeled “Am. Sept.” / “Coll. Winthem” / “84” / “abstersa, det. Loew”, and is deposited in the NMW, where the Winthem Collection is located. Specimens examined. BAHAMAS: Abaco Cays, Allans City, 9 May 1953; E. B. Hayden, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00119122). UNITED STATES: Connecticut: Short Beach, 5 Sep 1885; C. V. 1393, 1 ♂ (USNM USNMENT00105354). Delaware: Rehoboth Beach, 4 Aug 1941; A. L. Melander, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262502). Florida: Conway, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 25 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 5♂ 8♀ (USNM); same, 27 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 1♂ (USNM); same, 28 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 1♀ (USNM); same, 5 Dec 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 3♂ (USNM); Cheney Hiway, E. St. Johns River, Solidago sp., 13 Dec 1929; H. H. Hume, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 14 Dec 1929; H. H. Hume, 1♂ (USNM); Miami, Dade Co., Kendall, USDA Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 25°38'35.9"N 80°17'38.9"W, sweeping Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 19 May 2004; A. L. Norrbom, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00263024); Orlando, Bithlo, 1.6 km S Lake Pickett, Trilisa paniculata, 17 Dec 1929; C. Kine 1♂ (USNM); Orlando, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 12 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 4♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 13 Nov 1929, 2♂ 4♀ (USNM); same, 15 Nov 1929, 3♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 16 Nov 1929, 1♂ (USNM); same, 18 Nov 1929, 8♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 20 Nov 1929, 12♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 21 Nov 1929, 6♂ 5♀ (USNM); same, 22 Nov 1929, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 23 Nov 1929, 7♂ 5♀ (USNM); same, 25 Nov 1929; D. J. Nicholson, 12♂ 10♀ (USNM); same, 5 Dec 1929, 10♂ 11♀ (USNM); same, 6 Dec 1929, 1♂ (USNM); same, 7 Dec 1929, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM); Orlando, 12 Nov 1929; F. H. Benjamin 1♀ (USNM); Orlando, reared from Trilisa paniculata, 22 Nov 1929; F. H. Benjamin, 2♂ (USNM); same, 23 Nov 1929, 2♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 24 Nov 1929, 3♂ 2♀ (USNM); same, 29 Nov 1929, 2♂ (USNM); same, 30 Nov 1929, 7♂ 3♀ (USNM); same, 2 Dec 1929, 5♂ 6♀ (USNM); same, 4 Dec 1929, 2♀ (USNM); same, 6 Dec 1929, 2♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 9 Dec 1929, 3♂ 1♀ (USNM); same, 8-15 Dec 1929, 5♂ (USNM); Long Key, 23 Jul 1948; L. D. Beamer, 1♂ (UKaL USNMENT00215414). Georgia: " southern Georgia ", Morrison, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00105360). Maryland: Calvert Co., Chesapeake Beach, flowers of Eupatorium seratinum [sic], 2 Sep 1916; H. L. Viereck, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00119121); same, 18 Sep 1921; R. C. Shannon, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00119105); same, on flowers seablite, 12 Sep 1925; J. M. Aldrich, 4♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00119102-03; USNMENT00119117-20); same, 1 Aug 1930; J. M. Aldrich, 1♀ (USNM); Prince Georges Co., Beltsville, 6 Aug 1914; L. O. Jackson, 2♂ (USNM USNMENT00119112-13); St. Mary's Co., Piney Point, 26 Jul 1946; C. W. Sabrosky, 1♂ (USNM); Piney Point, 3.7 km

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