Pristimantis jamescameroni Kok 2013, sp. nov.

Pristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. Figs 2-5, Table 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 67EB6C36-0F31-4587-9805-3136BEF4E010 Eleutherodactylinae series b (in part) – Gorzula & Señaris 1999: 55 + plate 46. Eleutherodactylus sp. B – McDiarmid & Donnell, 2005: 514 [table 18A.1], 524. Pristimantis sp. – Hedges et al. 2008: 179. Pristimantis sp. “Aprada” – Kok et al. 2012: Suppl. Information: 13. Definition and diagnosis A small species of the genus Pristimantis currently not assigned to any species group, but morphologically most similar to species of the polyphyletic unistrigatus species group (sensu Hedges et al. 2008, see also discussion in Kok et al. 2011) mainly characterized in having Finger I shorter than II, Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV when toes are adpressed, and by the absence of cranial crests and the presence of vomerine teeth. The new species is characterized by the following unique combination of characters: (1) body small, male 22.8 mm SVL, females 26.3-27.5 mm (n=3); (2) dorsal skin shagreen, belly skin coarsely areolate; (3) tympanum absent (tympanic membrane not differentiated and tympanic annulus not visible externally); (4) tiny pharyngeal ostia present; (5) snout rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, rounded to slightly sloping in profile, canthus rostralis nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region slightly concave, flaring slightly at upper lip; (6) upper eyelid shagreen with 1-2 distinctly enlarged tubercles on each eyelid; (7) choanae small, oval, dentigerous processes of vomers very small, barely visible, slightly oblique, ovoid to triangular, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 1-5 teeth; (8) absence of vocal slits in male; (9) tongue cordiform; (10) two large, mostly unpigmented nuptial pads on each thumb in male; (11) Finger I shorter than II; (12) fingers with lateral fringes, best developed preaxially on Fingers II-III; (13) ulnar tubercles absent or inconspicuous, when present low, not forming a distinct line; (14) tarsal tubercles absent, one inconspicuous calcar tubercle present; (15) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, about four times the size of the round, projecting outer metatarsal tubercle; (16) Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal tubercle on Toe IV when toes are adpressed; (17) toes with lateral fringes, best developed preaxially on Toes III-IV, webbing basal between Toes IV-V; (18) in life main dorsal background colouration is orange to orangish dark brown, either with irregular dark brown chevrons or a darker middorsal band, and/or a light middorsal stripe, ventral colouration is white with brown reticulation and an orange patch posteriorly; (19) in preservative dorsal background colouration is light to dark brown, either with irregular brown chevrons or a darker middorsal band, and/or a light middorsal stripe, ventral colouration is cream with brown reticulation. Etymology The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case, honouring the Canadian film director, producer, environmentalist and explorer Mr. James F. Cameron in recognition of his efforts to alert the general public to environmental problems through pioneering high quality “blockbuster” movies and adventurous documentaries. James Cameron also encourages people to go vegan (a diet excluding animal products), one of the effective ways to reduce human environmental impacts such as global climate change, identified as a serious threat to tepuis ecosystems (see Nogué et al. 2009). Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA: an adult male collected by Philippe J. R. Kok, 15 Jun. 2012 at 08h18, summit of Apradatepui, Bolívar state, 5°24’42”N, 62°27’00” W, 2570 m elevation, IRSNB 4160 (field number PK 3636). Paratopotypes (n=4) VENEZUELA: three adult females (IRSNB 4161-63, field numbers PK 3632, PK 3637, PK 3635) and one juvenile (IRSNB 4164, field number PK 3639), collected by Philippe J. R. Kok (except IRSNB 4161, collected by Brad Wilson) 14-15 Jun. 2012, all from the summit of Aprada-tepui between 2557- 2571 m elevation. Description of the holotype An adult male 22.8 mm SVL (Figs 2 A-B, 3, 4D, H, see Table 1 for measurements), in very good condition, except a large scar under the right thigh where a piece of muscle was removed prior to preservation. Head slightly longer than wide (HW 94.7% of HL), wider than body; HW 39.0% of SVL; HL 41.2% of SVL; cranial crests absent. Snout longer than eye length (SL 117.1% of EL), rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, rounded to slightly sloping in profile; canthus rostralis nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region slightly concave, flaring slightly at upper lip; eye-naris distance shorter than eye length (EN 71.4% of EL). Nares slightly protuberant, directed posterolaterally, visible in frontal and dorsal views. Widest upper eyelid width narrower than interorbital distance (upper eyelid width 82.7% of IO), upper eyelid shagreen with 1-2 enlarged tubercles on each eyelid. Tympanum absent (tympanic membrane not differentiated and tympanic annulus not visible externally); tiny pharyngeal ostia present. Supratympanic fold conspicuous in life, slightly arched, originating at posterior corner of eye, failing to reach shoulder; post-rictal tubercles evident. Choanae small, oval, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers very small, barely visible, slightly oblique, ovoid to triangular, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 3-4 teeth. Tongue cordiform, slightly longer than wide, rounded posteriorly, posterior half free. Vocal slits and vocal sac absent. Dorsal skin shagreen, including on head; middorsal raphe detectable; no dermal folds or ridges visible on dorsal surface; flanks granular. Throat surface shagreen; upper chest shagreen, slightly “wrinkled”; weak thoracic fold; belly skin coarsely areolate; weak discoidal fold anterior to groin; posteroventral thigh and cloacal region coarsely areolate; cloacal sheath absent. Hand length 27.2% of SVL. Finger I 80.0% of II. Relative length of fingers III> IV> II> I; adpressed Finger I fails to reach proximal edge of digital pad of Finger II; adpressed Finger IV reaches the intercalary cartilage of Finger III on the left side, the base of the disc of Finger III on the right side. Two large, not connected, non-spinous, mostly unpigmented (translucent when wet, white when dry) nuptial pads on each thumb, one extending along the preaxial surface of the thenar tubercle and invading most of it, the other one extending along the dorsal and the preaxial surface of the thumb. Lateral fringes on all fingers, best developed preaxially on Fingers II-III (Fig. 3). Finger discs broadly expanded, elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous, distal edge of disc rounded; disc of Finger III 2.1 times wider that the distal end of the adjacent phalanx. Palmar tubercle large, poorly defined, not fully pigmented, deeply bifid; thenar tubercle large, protuberant, ovoid; supernumerary tubercles few, large (almost equal in size to the subarticular tubercles), slightly protuberant; subarticular tubercles large, round and protuberant, one each on FI and FII, two each on FIII and FIV. Ulnar tubercles few, inconspicuous, forming an ill-defined line; presence of a small antebrachial tubercle. Hind limbs moderate in length, heels slightly overlap when held at right angles to sagittal plane; TIL 50.4% of SVL; FL 41.7% of SVL. Relative length of Toes IV> V> III> II> I; tip of Toe V extends to the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; tip of Toe III extends to the distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV on the left side, to the proximal half of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV on the right side. Lateral fringes on all toes, best developed preaxially on Toes III-IV; webbing basal between Toe IV-V (Fig. 3). Toe discs mostly equal in size to finger discs, WTD/WFD = 1; toe discs broadly expanded, elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous, distal edge of disc rounded. Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, oval, about four times the size of the projecting, round outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles round, large and protuberant; supernumerary plantar tubercles small, low and round, increasing in size distally. Single, inconspicuous and very small round calcar tubercle; no outer tarsal tubercles detectable; inner tarsal fold not detectable. Colour of holotype in life (see Fig. 2 A-B) Dorsal background colour orangish brown covered with numerous tiny white flecks, top of head slightly darker; inconspicuous darker (than adjacent dorsum) middorsal band outlined by ill-defined dark brown dorsolateral lines; irregular white band on the canthus rostralis; bluish white line on outer edge of upper eyelids; upper lips white; most post-rictal tubercles white; enlarged tubercles on eyelids light brown. Flanks orangish brown, with numerous tiny white flecks and some irregular white spots of variable sizes; groins, anterior thighs, and armpits bright orange. Arms and legs coloured as dorsal surfaces, with a few small irregular white spots on upper arms and on the distal part of tarsi. Throat, chest, and lower flanks white with brown anastomosed reticulation; belly and most of the undersurface of thighs bright orange; undersurface of distal thighs, shanks, and tarsi brown with a few small irregular white spots; posterior surface of thighs and cloacal area brown. Upper face of hands and feet orangish brown, except tip of Fingers I-II, which is bright orange, and tip of toes, which is whitish. Palms and soles brown; undersurface of Fingers I-III bright orange, including discs; undersurface of tip of Toes I-III bright orange including discs. Iris silver with dark brown venation and an ill-defined, broad horizontal brownish stripe; greenish silver spot on the posterior upper part of the

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