Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liriomyza arctii Spencer (Fig. 133) Material examined. CONNECTICUT: Litchfield Co., Canaan, 21.vii.2015, em. 6.viii.2015, C. Vispo, ex Heliopsis helianthoides, #CSE2167, CNC564650, CNC564651 (2♀); MASSACHUSETTS: Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd., 1.vi.2016, em. 24.vi.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Arctium minus, #CSE2628, CNC654199 (1♀); Connecticut River boat ramp, 24.ix.2016, em. 20.iv.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Bidens cernua, #CSE3528, CNC939721 (1♂); OHIO: Delaware Co., Sunbury, Monkey Hollow Rd., 1.viii.2016, em. 13.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Verbesina alternifolia, #CSE2879, CNC659969 (1♂); WISCONSIN: Buffalo Co., Alma, S1287 State Road 88, 17.vii.2015, em. 6.viii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Heliopsis helianthoides, #CSE1969, CNC564623 (1♂). Hosts. Asteraceae: Arctium lappa L. (Scheffer & Lonsdale 2018), A. minus Bernh., * Bidens cernua L., * Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet, * Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney. Leaf mine. (Fig. 133) On Arctium, a “[n]arrow, whitish, linear mine, with frass initially greenish-diffused, later in more distinct black strips” (Spencer 1969). The mines we collected on Arctium matched this description, but those on Heliopsis and Verbesina had greenish to blackish, diffuse frass deposits throughout their length, without any distinct strips. In the single mine found on Bidens, the frass was mostly diffuse but with intermittent, more or less distinct strips. The mine on Verbesina was 1.5 mm wide at the end. Puparium. Dark brown, formed outside the mine (Spencer 1969); our puparia varied from yellow to orange to medium brown. Distribution. USA: *CT, *MA, MN, NY (Scheffer & Lonsdale 2018), *OH, WI; Canada: ON. The record of “WN” (Lonsdale 2017) refers to WI (Spencer & Steyskal 1986). Comments. This apparently native fly has been reared repeatedly from Arctium (Carduoideae), an Old World genus introduced to North America. Bidens, Heliopsis, and Verbesina (Asteroideae) are the first native host records. The use of hosts in two different subfamilies presents the possibility that Liriomyza arctii may feed on a wide variety of asteraceous plants. As far as is known, every other Nearctic Asteraceae-feeding Liriomyza is either restricted to hosts in one subfamily or has hosts in at least one other order.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".