Risk Assessment Of Importing Bovine Viral Diarrhea (Bvd) Into Finland Through Bovine Semen Originating From North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is endemic and prevalent disease in North America (United States and Canada). In Finland the occurrence of BVD has been reduced to internationally very low level. This descriptive assessment follows the guidelines for import risk analysis by the World organisation for animal health (OIE). 1. Hazard identification: Artificial insemination of bovine animals is a recognized route of transmission of BVD virus (BVDV). The possible contamination by BVDV of bovine semen imported from North America constitutes a hazard for the favourable BDV situation among Finnish cattle. 2 Release assessment: The lots of semen imported from North America may contain annually a few contaminated by BVDV. The risk of release through these lots is a remote but not wholly insignificant possibility. 3. Exposure assessment: The contaminated lots of semen are considered to be able to transmit the infection to at least half of the dams inseminated with them. Contraction of BVDV infection this way is annually a rare event with low but not zero probability. 4. Consequence assessment: The predicted frequency for birth of persistently infected (PI) calves is one every 4 – 8 years. 90% of the intervals modelled with Gamma distribution lie below 11.2 and 25.0 years, respectively. 5. Risk estimation: Birth of a PI calf due to the import of contaminated sperm from North America is a quite rare event, but taking the potential consequences into account, this frequency is not completely insignificant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".