Glypthelmins hyloreus Martin 1969
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glypthelmins hyloreus Martin, 1969 (Figs. 21–22) Synonyms Glypthelmins hyloreus Martin, 1969: 747 –752. Figs. 1–6 (Description and Life cycle); Hylotrema hyloreus, Sullivan (1972: 46) [This author transfers G. hyloreus to the genus Hylotrema]. Taxonomic summary Type-host: Hyla regilla. Habitat: Intestine. Type-locality: 5 Mi East Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. Type specimens deposition: USNPC 70463. Diagnosis: This species is differentiated by the following combination of traits: Pharynx smaller than ventral sucker, testes oblique and cirrus pouch curved. Vitelline glands extend anteriorly from caecal bifurcation to approximately midway between testes and tips of the intestinal caeca. Vitelline follicles caecal and extracaecal not confluent. Description: Body elongated, with the maximum width in testicular region; anterior and posterior ends of the body are rounded. Tegument covered with small scale-like spines extending from anterior end to posterior end of body. Oral sucker subterminal, round, larger than pharynx and ventral sucker. Ventral sucker rounded, pre-equatorial. Oral sucker/ventral sucker length ratio 1:0.8. Prepharynx short, wider than long. Pharynx globose. Medial glands surround anterior and posterior margins of pharynx. Oesophagus thin, large, with external cell-glands on both sides. Caeca narrow, symmetrical. Testes oval, intercaecal, oblique, equatorial. Genital pore is located mid-ventral, just anterior to ventral sucker. Cirrus pouch slightly curved, larger than ventral sucker, containing bipartite seminal vesicle, followed by an elongated, large and unarmed cirrus. Ovary sinistral, oval, extends dorsally to posterior margin of ventral sucker. Seminal receptacle oval, usually posterodorsal to ovary. Uterus mostly intercaecal, with some loops extending to the caecal and extracaecal region. No uterine loops are located in the posterior end of body. Muscular metraterm opens into the genital pore. Vitelline gland follicular. Vitelline follicles commence at level of caecal bifurcation and extend to posterior margin of testes. Follicles are not confluent at any level. Eggs operculated, yellowish, and measure 47–52 µm long by 24–27µm wide. Excretory vesicle “I” shaped and extends to the level of testes. Excretory pore terminal. Host, geographic distribution and specimen deposition Hyla regilla: (= Pseudacris regilla): U.S.A.: Near Corvallis, Linn County, Oregon (Martin, 1969); Spokane County, Washington (Lang, pers. com. in O´ Grady 1987). Specimen deposition: USNPC: 70463, 70464. Pseudacris triseriata: Canada: George Lake, Alberta, (Holmes, per. com. in O´ Grady 1987). U.S.A.: Colorado (Ubelaker et al. 1967; Brooks 1976b); 3 miles south of Lincoln; 0.25 miles north of Davey; 5 miles south of Genoa; 8 miles south, 2 miles east of Humboldt; Peru; 2 miles west of Springview; 3 miles east of Valentine; 0.5 miles south, 1 mile west of Bloomington; 2 miles south, 1 mile west of Mead; 10 miles west of Lincoln, Nebraska (Brooks, 1976b); Ogallala, Nebraska (Rannala, 1990, 1991, 1992). Specimen deposition: HWML: 20080, 20209, 21334, 33823, 33824. Life cycle The life cycle was originally described by Martin (1969). Adults inhabit the intestine of hylid frogs (Pseudacris), and eggs are released with the feces of the host. Once in the water, eggs are ingested by the snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Lymneadae). In the intestine, miracidium emerge from eggs and transform into mother and then daughter sporocyst in which gymnocephalan cercariae are formed. Cercaria are expelled from the snail and swim actively looking for the second intermediate host, tadpoles of Pseudacris regilla and P. triseriata. Once the cercariae contacts the skin of the hylids, they move along the surface to find the nasal cavities and then transform into metacercariae when they are in the mesentery of the host. Metacercariae remain unencysted until the molting process of the hylids. The route of metacercariae into the digestive tract has not been determined, but it has been speculated that metacercariae penetrate the intestinal wall due to its prominent penetration glands. In the intestine of the hylids, metacercariae develop into adults. GenBank cox 1: AY278059 (381 bp); 5.8s and ITS2: AY278066 (413); 28S: AY278050 (1274 bp).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".