Eplumula phalangium

Eplumula phalangium (de Haan, 1839) (Fig. 4) Latreillia phalangium de Haan, 1839: 108, pl. 30, fig. 2, pl. H. — Utinomi 1956: 68, pl. 34, fig. 6. — Sakai 1956: 6; 1960: 29, pl. 14, fig. 7 (colour). — Takeda 1982a: 90 (colour); 1982b: 18; 2001: 221, 254, 257. — Kim & Kim 1982: 136, 148. — Kim & Chang 1985: 44. — Guinot 1991: fig. 9. ? Latreillia phalangium – Yamaguchi & Holthuis 2001: 73, 75 (figure). Eplumula phalangia – Miyake et al. 1962: 126. Eplumula phalangium – Williams 1982: 230, figs 1a, 8 (references). — Yamaguchi et al. 1987: 7, pl. 1, fig. 7. — Muraoka 1989: 47, figs 1, 2; 1992: fig. 2A, B, E. — Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 292, fig. 85. — Takeda 1997: 234. — Ikeda 1998: 25, fig. 4. — Minemizu 2000: 186 (unnumbered colour photographs). — Tan et al. 2000: 186. — Ng et al. 2001: 6. — Chen & Sun 2002: 39, 162, fig. 69. Eplumura [sic] phalangium – Takeda 1995: 138. Eplumra [sic] phalangium – Gosliner et al. 1996: 235. Non Eplumula phalangium – Zarenkov 1990: 224, fig. 5 I-II (= Latreillia metanesa Williams, 1982). TYPE MATERIAL. — Lectotype: 1 ♂ 12.0 × 7.2 mm; paralectotypes: 1 ♂ 9.3 × 5.4 mm, 1 ♂ 9.7 × 6.5 mm, 1 ♀ 7.0 × 4.1 mm, 1 ♀ 8.9 × 5.1 mm, H. Bürger leg., 1825-1834 (RMNH D 42205). Lectotype selected by Yamaguchi & Baba (1993: 292, fig. 85). See also Fransen et al. (1997: 81). TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Honshu, Albatross, stn 3700, Seno-umi, 113 m, 7.V.1900, 2 ♂♂, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 74566). — Stn 3702, 74- 56 m, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 5 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 74560). — Stn 3703, 56 m, 1 ♂ (USNM 74574), 1 ♂ (USNM 134139). — Stn 3707, off Ose-zaki Lighthouse, 113-135 m, 8.V.1900, 1 ♂, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 134140). — Stn 3708, 108- 126 m, 8.V.1900, 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 74562), 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 74571), 1 ♀ (USNM 134141). — Stn 3713, 81- 86 m, 11.V.1900, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 134142). — Stn 3715, 117- 122 m, 11.V.1900, 1 ♂ (USNM 134143). — Stn 3716, 117- 225 m, 11.V.1900, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM 17231). — Stn 3717, 135- 180 m, 11.V.1900, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 134144). — Stn 3718, 117 m, 11.V.1900, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 171683). — Stn 3720, 113 m, 1 ♂ (USNM 74564). — Stn 3727, off Omaezaki Lighthouse, 61 m, 16.V.1900, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ovig. ♀ ♀ (USNM 74573), 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 74565). — Stn 3729, 61 m, 3 ♂♂, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 74561). — Stn 3730, 61 m, 24 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 11 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 74587). — Stn 3740, 117 m, 17.V.1900, 1 ♀ (USNM 74572). — Stn 3733, 88 m, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM 74568). — Stn 3754, off Sunozaki, 86-94 m, 19.V.1900, 1 ♀ (USNM 3754). — Stn 3740, 117 m, 17.V.1900, 1 ♀ (USNM 74572). — Stn 3762, off Suno-zaki, 76 m, 22.V.1900, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 74567), stn 3763, 88- 94 m, 1 ♂ (USNM 74563). — Stn 3775, off Kinkwasan Lighthouse, 104 m, 5.VI.1900, 3 ♂♂, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 172322). — Stn 4815, off Niigata, 38°16’N, 138°52’E, 126 m, 18.VII.1906, 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 6 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 134148). — Stn 4816, off Niigata, 38°14’N, 138°54’E, 115 m, 18.VII.1906, 3 ♂♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 134149). — Stn 4817, off Niigata, 38°12’N, 138°52’E, 110 m, 18.VII.1906, 6 ♂♂, 3 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 134150). — Stn 4877, off Okino-shima I., 34°20’N, 130°11’E, 106 m, 2.VIII.1906, 1 ♂ (USNM 134151). — Stn 5095, Uraga Strait, 35°05.5’N, 139°38.5’E, 104 m, 26.X.1906, 1 ♂ (USNM 171682), 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 134156). Odawara, G. Droppers leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 18868). — Misaki, bought from Kuma-san, 1930, A. S. Pearse leg., 1 ♀ (USNM 63686). — Near Tokyo, 1905, J. Harmand coll., 3 ♂♂, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 undet. sex (MNHN-B 13763). Kyushu. Albatross, stn 4893, off Goto I., 32°32’N, 128°32’E, 171-191 m, 9.VIII.1906, 4 ♂♂, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 134152), 3 ♂♂, 3 ovig. ♀♀ (USNM 172320). — Stn 4902, off Goto I., 32°30’N, 128°34’E, 250 m, 10.VIII.1906, 1 ♂ (USNM 134154), 1 ♂ (USNM 173108). — Stn 4904, off Goto I., 32°31.3’N, 128°32’E, 193 m, 10.VIII.1906, 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 134155). Ibusuki, T. Urita coll., 1 ovig. ♀ (USNM 48459). Unknown Japanese locations. Palos, stn? 2325, 1881, F. C. Dale & P. L. Jouy coll., 1 ♀ (USNM 23325). — G. A. Frank coll., 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 12354). Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn CP 58, 24°35.1’N, 122°05.8’E, 221 m, 4.VIII.2000, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 28475). TAIWAN 2001, stn CP 83, 24°51.4’N, 121°57.4’E, 75-110 m, 8.V.2001, 15 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 28467). — Stn CP 93, 24°50.1’N, 121°55.7’E, 66-110 m, 10.V.2001, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 28468). — Stn CP 116, 24°55.4’N, 122°00.4’E, 100 m, 21.V.2001, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 28469). — Stn CP 119, 24°56.6’N, 122°01.7’E, 123- 140 m, 31.VII.2001, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 28470). DISTRIBUTION. — Japan and southern Korea to Taiwan (Fig. 4). It is also known from the Philippine Islands (Gosliner et al. 1996: 235, as Eplumra [sic] phalangium). Depth: 30-307 m (Takeda 2001). DIAGNOSIS. — Dorsal surface of gastric region of carapace topped by spine, more prominent and acute in females (see Sakai 1965: fig. 1a, b). Gastric region relatively short, not slender in appearance (0.5 or less carapace length), especially in females. Supraocular spines typically longer than ocular peduncles. Hepatic swellings each topped by spine, more prominent and acute in females. Branchial regions of adult females usually with spine on each side (see Sakai 1965: fig. 1a, b). Merus of each third maxilliped typically with obtuse tubercle or acute tooth on ventral surface, particularly in females. Abdomen of adult males with middorsal protuberance on somite 1, acute spine on somite 2. Abdomen of adult females with middorsal protuberance on somite 1, acute spine on each somite 2, 3; somites 4-6 broad and fused, with proximal spines laterally near articulation with somite 3 and sometimes with midlateral pair on fused somite 5 in largest females. REMARKS Specimens of this species that have lost the last pair of pereopods (P5) can be easily confused with L. valida, because both have a relatively short gastric region that is topped by a dorsal spine, and both are sympatric in distribution. Eplumula phalangium can be differentiated from L. valida by having supraocular spines that are longer or as long as the ocular peduncles, an acute spine on each hepatic swelling, an acute spine or tubercle on the third maxillipeds of females and small males (see Sakai 1965: fig. 1), and a slightly longer gastric region, typically more than 0.5 total length (0.5 or less total length in E. phalangium). The supraocular spines are markedly shorter in L. valida (Fig. 12) and there are no spines on the hepatic swellings or on the merus of the third maxillipeds (Fig. 3D). As in E. australiensis, there is a marked sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the teeth and spines of the carapace. The dorsal spine and the spine on each hepatic swelling are longer, thicker, and more acute in females than in males, and lateral teeth (also long and acute) are present only in females (see Sakai 1965: fig. 1a, b). The tooth on each merus of the third maxillipeds is also longer and more acute in females. As in other members of the family, the chelae (P1) of males are thicker than those of females. The carapace is proportionally wider in males than in females, and the gastric region is noticeably bowed dorsally in females (see Williams 1982: 231). Size Maximum size: ♂ 12.4 × 7.9 mm, ♀ 14.0 × 9.5 mm (Williams 1982).

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