Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767) Fig. 48 Medusa hemisphaerica Linnaeus, 1767: 1098 [medusa stage]. Clytia johnstoni.— Segerstedt, 1889: 11, 25.— Jäderholm, 1909: 61, pl. 5, fig. 12. Clytia hemisphaerica.— Rees & Rowe, 1969: 16.— Cornelius, 1982: 75, fig. 9k.— Östman, 1999: 17. Campanularia johnstoni.— Jägerskiöld, 1971: 61. Clytia hemisphaerica form (or forma) johnstoni.— Östman, 1979a: 5; 1979b: 127, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5; 1982a: 156; 1983: 6. Type locality. “ Habitat in Oceano Belgico ” (Linnaeus 1767: 1098). Museum material. Kosterhavet, 58°50.278’N, 11°02.680’E, 13 m, 07.ix.2010, biological dredge, R / V Nereus, on algae, one stolonal colony, without gonophores, ROMIZ B3894.— Kosterhavet, 58°53.093’N, 11°05.668’E, 20– 30 m, 09.ix.2010, biological dredge, R / V Nereus, on algae, one stolonal colony, with gonophores, ROMIZ B3907.— Saltö naturreservat, outer ledge, 58°52’40”N, 11°06’53”E, <1 m, 11.ix.2010, collected manually, on red algae, two stolonal colonies, with gonophores, ROMIZ B3923.— Väderöarna, 58°34.931’N, 11°04.931’E, 121– 50 m, 13.ix.2010, biological dredge, R / V Nereus, on antenna of a decapod crustacean, one colony, with a few branched pedicels, up to 9 mm high, with gonophores, ROMIZ B3930. Remarks. A comprehensive taxonomic overview of Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767) was given by Cornelius (1982), and additional details were provided by Calder (1991). The sympatric C. gracilis (M. Sars, 1850) is similar, but its gonothecae have smooth rather than spirally ribbed walls. Nematocysts of the two species also differ (Östman 1979a). Östman added that colonies of C. gracilis are often branched, and hydrothecal cusps are sharppointed, whereas colonies of C. hemsphaerica are usually unbranched, and hydrothecal cusps are broad and symmetrical. Comments on C. gigantea (Hincks, 1866), sometimes included as a synonym, are given above. Although C. hemisphaerica is generally reported to be virtually cosmopolitan, Cornelius (1995b: 254) is probably correct that “nearly all” records of species of the taxonomically difficult genus Clytia Lamouroux, 1812 are suspect. Clytia hemisphaerica has been reported numerous times along the west coast of Sweden (see Checklist). Hydroids of the species die back during winter in nearby waters of Denmark (Kramp 1935b: 100, as Campanularia johnstoni Alder, 1856) and the Oslofjord, Norway (Christiansen 1972: 293–294, as Clytia johnstoni). Reported distribution. West coast of Sweden.—From the border with Norway to southern Kattegat (Jägerskiöld 1971). Elsewhere.—North Atlantic from Svalbard and Finnmark to the Mediterranean Sea in Europe (Christiansen 1972; Cornelius 1982), and from Labrador to Florida in North America (Calder 2004). Reported to be circumglobal (Calder 1991).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".