Pathways of Pacific Waters and associated heat transport in the Canada Basin from observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<!--!introduction!--> The relatively warm Summer Pacific Waters (sPW) enter the Arctic via Bering Strait and supply the Canada Basin with heat at 60-100 m depth. The extent to which this subsurface heat reservoir affects the thermodynamic equilibrium of the overlying sea ice remains unknown. While a sharp halocline insulates this heat source from the surface, suggesting a minimal role for the sPW in the sea ice decline, circumstantial evidence suggests a more important role as regions of strong sea ice decline coincide with the location of this heat reservoir. Moreover, recent observations have revealed a significant warming and shoaling of sPW. Here, we characterize the time-mean pathways of sPW and of the winter Pacific Waters (wPW) lying below by computing the Montgomery potential on isopycnal surfaces using the World Ocean Atlas climatologies. The sPW are found to mainly circulate anticyclonically in the upper part of the Beaufort Gyre, as previously documented. The analysis also reveals secondary pathways at the entrance of the Canada Archipelago. Starting in the mid-1990s, an acceleration of the circulation of sPW is observed within the Canada Basin. This acceleration coincides with a reversal of the wPW circulation, from cyclonic to anticyclonic. Changes in PW pathways are attributed to changes in the sea surface height that have been linked to atmospheric circulation pattern and sea ice decline. Finally, the role of mesoscale eddies in transporting heat within the Beaufort Gyre is discussed in light of an estimate of the heat transported by the sPW at seasonal scale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".