The role of changing atmospheric forcing for Southern Ocean mesoscale eddy properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<!--!introduction!--> Changes in the climate system over recent decades have modified the wind stress driving the Southern Ocean circulation, thus modifying the very energetic mesoscale eddy field at the latitudes of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Past studies have mainly focussed on the temporal variations of eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Here, we analyze the regional patterns and temporal evolution of the ACC mesoscale eddy field over the past 60 years, investigating the role of the ocean-atmosphere coupling (in the form of absolute vs. relative winds in the momentum equation). A set of global ocean model experiments containing a nested 0.1 resolution ACC domain is analyzed. The eddy statistics, computed with an eddy detection and tracking algorithm based on the Okubo-Weiss parameter, shows good consistency with satellite-based estimates. The temporal evolution of the eddy statistics is driven to a large extent by the sustained strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, gradually shifting towards smaller and more energetic eddies since the 1970s. The trend in the amplitude is related with the sustained increase in wind work and vertical shear of the ACC, and is correlated to the changes in EKE, both spatially and temporally. Likewise, the more energetic model with absolute winds exhibits smaller and more energetic mesoscale eddies. These results suggest that the ocean-atmosphere coupling and resulting ocean density structure significantly affect the mean and temporal evolution of the mesoscale eddy field properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".