A Systematic Review on Environmental Factors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Bangladesh
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to different environmental factors appears to be widespread, detrimental to human brain development and a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a systematic review on the relationship between environmental factors and ASD in Bangladesh.Methods: This paper reviews the evidence on modifiable environmental factors that have been associated, in some studies, with ASD, including socio-demographic and physical environmental factors exposures during prenatal and postnatal periods. Besides, this review is restricted to human studies with at least 50 cases of ASD, having a valid comparison group, conducted within the past two decades. Moreover, literatures searched using three electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Biomed Central) from August 2020 to January 2021, based on the PRISMA guidelines. Literatures screened by two distinguished reviewers (Khan MS; Tareq SM), and resolved differences by consensus and further discussion with third reviewer based on requirements. Then selected the eligible 21 studies based on inclusion criteria's. Two of the reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data for descriptive information and assessed risk of bias by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS).Results: There is no article found with poor quality in NOS. The overall quality of the studies is high. There are strong association between ASD risk and some factors such as advanced maternal age, lead exposure during pregnancy and early childhood, blood Arsenic level of ASD children. Though few factors are related to increased risk of ASD; so far, no specific environmental factor has been found associated with increased risk of ASD with large power of study.Conclusion: There is appears to be a lack of such type of study in developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, nationwide widespread research needed to address the modifiable environmental risk factors for ASD.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July'22 Page: 237-248
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it