Supplementary Material for: Macrocytosis in Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large single mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) deletion syndrome is a rare inborn error of metabolism with variable heteroplasmy levels and clinical phenotype among affected individuals. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is the most common phenotype in adults with this form of mitochondrial disease [1-2]. The common CPEO clinical manifestations are ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. More variable phenotypic manifestations of CPEO (CPEO plus) include involvement of the peripheral nervous system and myopathy. Here, we describe a 62-year-old female with CPEO and the major mitochondrial DNA deletion present at 40% heteroplasmy, who had a coexistent previously undescribed CPEO phenotypic feature of persistent unexplained macrocytosis without anemia. Building on this case, we reviewed other major mtDNA deletion cases seen in our Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic (AMDC) at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada from 2016 to 2022. The major mtDNA deletion cases (n=26) were compared with mtDNA missense variants identified in the clinic over the same period who acted as the comparison group (n=16). Of these, the most frequent diagnosis was maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Ten out of 26 (38%) of mtDNA deletion patients had macrocytosis with elevated MCV (mean corpuscular volume), median (IQR, interquartile range) of 108fl (102-114fl). Seven of the patients with macrocytosis had no pertinent etiology. None of the comparison group had macrocytosis. There was a significant difference (P=0.000) between the MCV & MCH in the mtDNA deletion group compared to the comparison group. This communication sheds light on the association of macrocytosis with the mtDNA deletion syndrome. It would be of great interest to determine if the association is found in other mitochondrial disease clinic populations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.415 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it