HLS-CMDS: Heart and Lung Sounds Dataset Recorded from a Clinical Manikin using Digital Stethoscope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dataset contains 535 recordings of heart and lung sounds captured using a digital stethoscope from a clinical manikin, including both individual and mixed recordings of heart and lung sounds; 50 heart sounds, 50 lung sounds, and 145 mixed sounds. For each mixed sound, the corresponding source heart sound (145 recordings) and source lung sound (145 recordings) were also recorded. It includes recordings from different anatomical chest locations, with normal and abnormal sounds. Each recording has been filtered to highlight specific sound types, making it valuable for artificial intelligence (AI) research and applications. If you use this dataset, please cite: Y. Torabi, S. Shirani, and J. P. Reilly, “Descriptor: Heart and Lung Sounds Dataset Recorded from a Clinical Manikin using Digital Stethoscope (HLS-CMDS),” in IEEE Data Descriptions, https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEDATA.2025.3566012.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".