Airborne Sound Transmission in Cross-Laminated Timber Buildings: The Influence of Building Height
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Buildings with cross-laminated timber (CLT) has gained increasing popularity in several countries. In addition, buildings constructed with CLT are increasing in building height, which increases the load on the junctions and structural building elements lower down in the buildings. Furthermore, CLT offers sustainable features that can help the building industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Several studies have investigated how the load affect the sound insulation between apartments. The majority of the studies show that increasing load tends to have a negative effect on the vertical sound insulation. However, most results are based on a limited number of measurements with investigations focusing on junctions with resilient interlayers. This paper will show in more detail how the building height, and thus the load, affect the vertical airborne sound insulation between apartments in several CLT buildings. Moreover, this paper will include buildings with and without viscoelastic interlayers in their junctions as well. Measurements were performed in four CLT buildings with varying construction systems, building heights and presence or absence of viscoelastic interlayers in their junctions. The vertical airborne sound insulation between different rooms in apartments located at both lower and higher levels was evaluated. By calculating the differences in airborne sound insulation for each building, the results clearly show a decrease in the vertical airborne sound insulation in the lower parts of the buildings compared to higher up. Consequently, these results show that an increased number of floors negatively affects the vertical airborne sound insulation lower down in the buildings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".