Alarm calling, stress, and fitness in central versus peripheral territories of Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selfish herd theory predicts that as predators usually approach from the periphery of a group, survivorship and reproductive output of peripheral group members should be decreased. Non lethal encounters with predators may affect prey through the costs associated with increased activation of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis. Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) defend territories within their colonies and thus may experience differential fitness outcomes based on the location of their territory. I recorded U. richardsonii alarm vocalizations with Wildlife Acoustic SM3 audio recorders at centre and edge locations of a colony to estimate predation pressure and predator type (airborne vs. terrestrial), quantified faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentration as a measure of stress, and tracked offspring production and survivorship of females and their young for a year. The results obtained suggest that individuals occupying centre and edge areas experience different levels of predation pressure, but not FGM concentration, survival, or offspring production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".