From Bad to Worse: Assessing the Long-Term Consequences of Four Controversial FCC Decisios
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Economies of scope exist when one firm can produce two or more products at a lower total cost than if each product were produced separately by different firms.Scope economies can be a barrier to entry if entrants are unable to produce and sell all of the products the incumbent produces, and the resulting higher cost makes it unprofitable to enter the market.Id. at 17,029, n.246.9 The FCC has determined that various broadband technologies for accessing the Internet all qualify for limited regulatory oversight.See, e.g., In re Inquiry Concerning High-Speed Access to the Internet over Cable and their Facilities, 17 FCC Rcd.4798, 4802 (Mar.15, 2002) (declaratory ruling and notice of proposed rulemaking), aff'd, Nat'l Cable & Telecomms.Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967 (2005); Wireline Broadband Classification Order, supra note 3, at 14,855.10An information service is defined as the offering of a capability for generating, acquiring, storing, transforming, processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does not include any use of any such capability for the management, control, or operation of a
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.055 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".